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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2023/01/06 20:12:30」(JST)

In Internet computing, NSD (for "name server daemon") is an open-source Domain Name System (DNS) server. It was developed by NLnet Labs of Amsterdam in cooperation with the RIPE NCC, from scratch as an authoritative name server (i.e., not implementing the recursive caching function by design). The intention of this development is to add variance to the "gene pool" of DNS implementations

used by higher level name servers and thus increase the resilience of DNS against software flaws or exploits.

NSD uses BIND-style zone-files (zone-files used under BIND can usually be used unmodified in NSD, once entered into the NSD configuration).

NSD uses zone information compiled via zonec into a binary database file (nsd.db) which allows fast startup of the NSD name-service daemon, and allows syntax-structural errors in Zone-Files to be flagged at compile-time (before being made available to NSD service itself).

The collection of programs/processes that make-up NSD are designed so that the NSD daemon itself runs as a non-privileged user and can be easily configured to run in a Chroot jail, such that security flaws in the NSD daemon are not so likely to result in system-wide compromise as without such measures.

As of May, 2018, four of the Internet root nameservers are using NSD:

k.root-servers.net was switched to NSD on February 19, 2003.^[2]
One of the 2 load-balanced servers for h.root-servers.net (called "H1", "H2") was switched to NSD, and now there are 3 servers all running NSD (called "H1", "H2", "H3").^[3]
l.root-servers.net switched to NSD^[4] on February 6, 2007^{[citation needed]}.
d.root-servers.net was switched to NSD in May 2018.^[5]

Several other TLDs use NSD for part of their servers.

References

^ Wijngaards, Wouter (10 November 2022). "NSD 4.6.1 released". nsd-users (Mailing list). Retrieved 10 November 2022.
^ Karrenberg, Daniel (14 February 2003). "k.root-servers.net Changing DNS Software at on 19.2.2003". Retrieved 14 May 2014.
^ ""Stichting NLnet; Annual Report 2003" mentioning NSD on h.root-servers.net". Stichting NLnet Labs. 18 May 2004. p. 13. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
^ Patrick Jones (2014-09-09). Lightning Talk on L-root (PDF). ENOG 8. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
^ "D-Root History Page".

External links

Official website
NSD License
NSD DNS Tutorial with examples and explanations

English Journal

Benefits of Two Mitigation Strategies for Container Vessels: Cleaner Engines and Cleaner Fuels.

Khan MY, Giordano M, Gutierrez J, Welch WA, Asa-Awuku A, Miller JW, Cocker D.AbstractEmissions from ocean going vessels (OGVs) are a significant health concern for people near port communities. This paper reports the emission benefits for two mitigation strategies, cleaner engines and cleaner fuels, for a 2010 container vessel. In-use emissions were measured following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocols. The overall in-use nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission factor was 16.1±0.1 gkW-1h-1, lower than the Tier 1 certification (17 gkW-1h-1) and significantly lower than the benchmark value of 18.7 gkW-1h-1 commonly used for estimating emission inventories. The in-use particulate matter (PM2.5) emission was 1.42±0.04 gkW-1h-1 for heavy fuel oil (HFO) containing 2.51 wt % sulfur. Unimodal (~30 nm) and bi-modal (~35 nm; ~75 nm) particle number size distributions (NSDs) were observed when the vessel operated on marine gas oil (MGO) and HFO, respectively. First-time emission measurements during fuel switching (required 24 nautical miles from coastline) showed that concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particle NSD took ~55 minutes to reach steady-state when switching from MGO to HFO and ~84 minutes in the opposite direction. Therefore, if OGVs commence fuel change at the regulated boundary, then vessels can travel up to 90% of the distance to the port before steady state values are re-established. The transient behavior follows a classic, non-linear mixing function driven by the amount of fuel in day tank and the fuel consumption rate. Hence, to achieve the maximum benefits from a fuel change regulation, fuel switch boundary should be further increased to provide the intended benefits for the people living near the ports.
Environmental science & technology.Environ Sci Technol.2012 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Emissions from ocean going vessels (OGVs) are a significant health concern for people near port communities. This paper reports the emission benefits for two mitigation strategies, cleaner engines and cleaner fuels, for a 2010 container vessel. In-use emissions were measured following International
PMID 22468877

Surgical and non-surgical therapy with systemic antimicrobials for residual pockets in type 2 diabetics with chronic periodontitis: a pilot study.

Mendonça AC, Santos VR, Ribeiro FV, Lima JA, Miranda TS, Feres M, Duarte PM.SourceDental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of clinical periodontology.J Clin Periodontol.2012 Apr;39(4):368-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01860.x. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
AIM: This study evaluated the effects of surgical (SD) and non-surgical (NSD) debridements, associated with systemic antimicrobials, on clinical and immunological outcomes of residual pockets [RP; probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm with bleeding on probing] in type 2 diabetics.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A spli
PMID 22329861

Japanese Journal

プラスチック表面加飾技術と化粧品容器への応用 (特集香粧品容器の最新動向)

Fragrance journal = フレグランスジャーナル 43(5), 57-64, 2015-05
NAID 40020479344

遺伝的アルゴリズムによる永続的互恵主義の可能性

情報処理学会論文誌 56(1), 401-410, 2015-01-15
NAID 110009867122

「耐容線量」

NSD
Developer(s)	NLnet Labs
Initial release	May 30, 2002; 20 years ago
Stable release	4.6.1 / November 10, 2022; 48 days ago
Repository	github.com/NLnetLabs/nsd ;
Operating system	Unix-like
Type	DNS server
License	BSD license
Website	www.nlnetlabs.nl/projects/nsd/about/