| Muscidae |
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| Musca domestica |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Arthropoda |
| Class: |
Insecta |
| Order: |
Diptera |
| Suborder: |
Brachycera |
| Infraorder: |
Muscomorpha |
| Section: |
Schizophora |
| Subsection: |
Calyptratae |
| Superfamily: |
Muscoidea |
| Family: |
Muscidae
Latreille, 1802 |
| Subfamilies |
- Atherigoninae
- Azeliinae
- Coenosiinae
- Cyrtoneurininae
- Muscinae
- Mydaeinae
- Phaoniinae
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Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea.
Muscidae, some of which are commonly known as house flies or stable flies due to their synanthropy, are worldwide in distribution and contain almost 4,000 described species in over 100 genera.
Most species are not synanthropic. Adults can be predatory, hematophagous, saprophagous, or feed on a number of types of plant and animal exudates. They can be attracted to various substances including sugar, sweat, tears [1] and blood. Larvae occur in various habitats including decaying vegetation, dry and wet soil, nests of insects and birds, fresh water, and carrion.
The housefly, Musca domestica, is the best known and most important species.
Some, from the genera Hydrotaea and Muscina, are involved in forensic case studies.
Contents
- 1 Identifying characteristics
- 2 Biology
- 3 Health and economic importance
- 4 Evolution
- 5 Genera
- 6 Images
- 7 Further reading
- 8 Links to Genera and species lists
- 9 Other
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Identifying characteristics
The antennae are three-segmented and aristate; vein Rs is two-branched, a frontal suture is present, and the calypters are well developed. The arista is often plumose for the entire length. The hypopleuron is usually without bristles; generally, more than one sternopleural bristle is present. The R5 cell is either parallel-sided or narrowed distally. Vein 2A is short and does not reach the wing margin.
For a pictorial atlas explaining these terms, go to [2]
The Fanniidae, which used to be a subfamily (Fanniinae) of the Muscidae, share these characters, but may be separated from them by the absence of the identifying characteristics for the family Fanniidae.
Biology
Larvae mainly develop in decaying plant material or manure.
Health and economic importance
Adults of many species are passive vectors of pathogens for diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery, anthrax, and African sleeping sickness.
Larvae of some Atherigona species are important pest in cultivation of cereals, like rice and maize.
Evolution
Seven species in six described genera have been recorded from the fossil record. Lambrecht (1980: 369) estimated that the family Muscidae originated as long ago as the Permian, although no fossil record exists for the family any older than the Eocene.
Genera
List of genera according Catalogue of Life:[1]
Images
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Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, Albuquerque
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Further reading
- Identification
- Hennig, W. (1955–64). Muscidae in Erwin Lindner, Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region 63b,Schweizerbart,Stuttgart.
- Huckett, H.C. 1965. The Muscidae of northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Diptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 42: 1-369. 23 plates of drawings.
- Séguy, E., 1937, Diptera, family Muscidae. In: P. Wystmann (ed.), Genera Insectorum, Brussels, 205: 604. Includes a key to world genera.
- Shinonaga, S. & Kano, R., 1971, Fauna Japonica Muscidae (Insecta:Diptera), Academia press,242pp.+28Plates. Keys to Eastern Palaearctic genera of several subfamilies.
- Gregor, Fr. et al., 2002 The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe, Brno, Folia Biologia, 107.
- Biology
- Use of DNA in forensic entomology
- Skidmore, P., 1985, The biology of the Muscidae of the world. Junk, Dordrecht. Series entomologica, 29, xiv + 550p.
Links to Genera and species lists
- Palaearctic
- Nearctic
- Japan
Other
Types in Humboldt Museum, Berlin [3]
References
- ^ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muscidae. |
- Family description and images
- Image Gallery from Diptera.info
- (Dutch)Muscidae
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Extant Diptera families
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- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Subclass: Pterygota
- Infraclass: Neoptera
- Superorder: Endopterygota
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Suborder Nematocera
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Culicomorpha
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Culicoidea
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- Dixidae (meniscus midges)
- Corethrellidae (frog-biting midges)
- Chaoboridae (phantom midges)
- Culicidae (mosquitoes)
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Chironomoidea
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- Thaumaleidae (solitary midges)
- Simuliidae (black flies)
- Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)
- Chironomidae (non-biting midges)
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Blephariceromorpha
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- Blephariceridae (net-winged midges)
- Deuterophlebiidae (mountain midges)
- Nymphomyiidae
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Bibionomorpha
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Bibionoidea
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- Bibionidae (march flies, lovebugs)
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Anisopodoidea
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- Anisopodidae (wood gnats)
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Sciaroidea
(fungus gnats)
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- Bolitophilidae
- Diadocidiidae
- Ditomyiidae
- Keroplatidae
- Mycetophilidae
- Sciaridae (dark-winged fungus gnats)
- Cecidomyiidae (gall midges)
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Psychodomorpha
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Scatopsoidea
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- Canthyloscelidae
- Perissommatidae
- Scatopsidae (minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
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Psychodoidea
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Ptychopteromorpha
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- Ptychopteridae (phantom crane flies)
- Tanyderidae (primitive crane flies)
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Tipulomorpha
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Trichoceroidea
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- Trichoceridae (winter crane flies)
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Tipuloidea
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- Pediciidae (hairy-eyed craneflies)
- Tipulidae (crane flies)
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Suborder Brachycera
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Asilomorpha
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Asiloidea
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- Apioceridae (flower-loving flies)
- Apsilocephalidae
- Apystomyiidae
- Asilidae (robber flies)
- Bombyliidae (bee flies)
- Evocoidae
- Hilarimorphidae (hilarimorphid flies)
- Mydidae (mydas flies)
- Mythicomyiidae
- Scenopinidae (window flies)
- Therevidae (stiletto flies)
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Empidoidea
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- Atelestidae
- Hybotidae (dance flies)
- Dolichopodidae (long-legged flies)
- Empididae (dagger flies, balloon flies)
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Nemestrinoidea
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- Acroceridae (small-headed flies)
- Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies)
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Muscomorpha
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Aschiza
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Platypezoidea
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- Phoridae (scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
- Opetiidae (flat-footed flies)
- Ironomyiidae (ironic flies)
- Lonchopteridae (spear-winged flies)
- Platypezidae (flat-footed flies)
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Syrphoidea
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- Syrphidae (hoverflies)
- Pipunculidae (big-headed flies)
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Schizophora
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Acalyptratae
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Conopoidea
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- Conopidae (thick-headed flies)
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Tephritoidea
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- Lonchaeidae (lance flies)
- Pallopteridae (flutter flies)
- Piophilidae (cheese flies)
- Platystomatidae (signal flies)
- Pyrgotidae
- Richardiidae
- Tephritidae (peacock flies)
- Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies)
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Nerioidea
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- Cypselosomatidae
- Micropezidae (stilt-legged flies)
- Neriidae (cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
- Pseudopomyzidae (banana flies)
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Diopsoidea
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- Diopsidae (stalk-eyed flies)
- Gobryidae
- Megamerinidae
- Nothybidae
- Psilidae (rust flies)
- Somatiidae
- Strongylophthalmyiidae
- Syringogastridae
- Tanypezidae
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Sciomyzoidea
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- Coelopidae (kelp flies)
- Dryomyzidae
- Helosciomyzidae
- Ropalomeridae
- Huttoninidae
- Heterocheilidae
- Phaeomyiidae
- Sepsidae (black scavenger flies)
- Sciomyzidae (marsh flies)
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Sphaeroceroidea
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- Chyromyidae
- Heleomyzidae
- Sphaeroceridae (small dung flies)
- Nannodastiidae
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Lauxanioidea
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- Celyphidae (beetle-backed flies)
- Chamaemyiidae (aphid flies)
- Lauxaniidae
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Opomyzoidea
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- Agromyzidae (leaf miner flies)
- Anthomyzidae
- Asteiidae
- Aulacigastridae (sap flies)
- Clusiidae (lekking, or druid flies)
- Fergusoninidae
- Marginidae
- Neminidae
- Neurochaetidae (upside-down flies)
- Odiniidae
- Opomyzidae
- Periscelididae
- Teratomyzidae
- Xenasteiidae
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Ephydroidea
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- Camillidae
- Curtonotidae (quasimodo flies)
- Diastatidae (bog flies)
- Ephydridae (shore flies)
- Drosophilidae (vinegar and fruit flies)
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Carnoidea
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- Acartophthalmidae
- Australimyzidae
- Braulidae (bee lice)
- Canacidae (beach flies)
- Carnidae
- Chloropidae (frit flies)
- Cryptochaetidae
- Inbiomyiidae
- Milichiidae (freeloader flies)
- Tethinidae
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Calyptratae
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Muscoidea
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- Anthomyiidae (cabbage flies)
- Fanniidae (little house flies)
- Muscidae (house flies, stable flies)
- Scathophagidae (dung flies)
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Oestroidea
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- Calliphoridae (blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
- Mystacinobiidae (New Zealand bat fly)
- Oestridae (botflies)
- Rhinophoridae
- Sarcophagidae (flesh flies)
- Tachinidae (tachina flies)
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Hippoboscoidea
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- Glossinidae (tsetse flies)
- Hippoboscidae (louse flies)
- Mormotomyiidae (frightful hairy fly)
- Nycteribiidae (bat flies)
- Streblidae (bat flies)
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Stratiomyomorpha
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Stratiomyoidea
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- Pantophthalmidae (timber flies)
- Stratiomyidae (soldier flies)
- Xylomyidae (wood soldier flies)
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Tabanomorpha
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Tabanoidea
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- Athericidae (water snipe flies)
- Austroleptidae
- Oreoleptidae
- Pelecorhynchidae
- Rhagionidae (snipe flies)
- Spaniidae
- Tabanidae (horse and deer flies)
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Vermileonomorpha
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Xylophagomorpha
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List of families of Diptera
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