WordNet

prepare or position for action or operation; "lay a fire"; "lay the foundation for a new health care plan"
put in a horizontal position; "lay the books on the table"; "lay the patient carefully onto the bed" (同)put down, repose
impose as a duty, burden, or punishment; "lay a responsibility on someone"
lay eggs; "This hen doesnt lay"
not of or from a profession; "a lay opinion as to the cause of the disease"
make or form a layer; "layer the different colored sands"
single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; "slices of hard-boiled egg on a bed of spinach" (同)bed
a hen that lays eggs
thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another
with one layer on top of another; "superimposed rocks" (同)superimposed

PrepTutorEJDIC

《場所の副詞[句]を伴って》‘を'『置く』,横たえる / ‘を'『きちんと置く』(並べる),〈土台など〉‘を'すえる,〈鉄道など〉‘を'敷設する / …‘を'『用意する』,準備する / (…に)〈身体の一部〉‘を'置く,つける《+『名』+『on』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈信頼・愛情〉‘を'置く,寄せる,託す;〈強調・重要性など〉‘を'置く《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 〈ほこり・波・風など〉‘を'押さえる,〈恐れ亡霊など〉‘を'静める,なだめる / 〈卵〉‘を'産む / 〈かけ〉‘を'する;(…に)〈金〉‘を'かける《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)〈税・罰金・義務など〉‘を'課する,〈重荷・責任など〉‘を'負わせる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈悪事など〉‘を'(…の)せいにする《+『名』+『against』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《状態を表す副詩[句]を伴って》(特によくない状態に)…‘を'『置く』,する / (…に)〈権利の主張・報告など〉‘を'提出する,申し出る《+『名』+『before』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…で)…‘の'表面をおおう《+『名』+『with』+『名』》;(…に)…‘を'広げる《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 卵を産む / 位置,配置,地形,地勢
lieの過去形
(歌うために書かれた)短い物語詩 / 《詩》(一般に)歌,調べ
(僧職にある人に対して)俗人の / (専門家に対して)しろうとの,門外漢の
《複合語を作って》(物を)積む人(物),置く人(物) / 卵を産む鶏・層;(ペンキなどの)一塗り;一皮 / (園芸で)取り木 / …‘を'層にする / 〈植物〉‘を'取り木する

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎盤の発達および生理学 placental development and physiology
2. 非HIV感染患者における結核の診断 diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in hiv uninfected patients
3. Cesarean delivery: Technique
4. 慢性静脈不全の治療のための圧迫療法 compression therapy for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency
5. 胎盤病理組織報告 the placental pathology report

English Journal

Sonic hedgehog-induced histone deacetylase activation is required for cerebellar granule precursor hyperplasia in medulloblastoma.

Lee SJ1, Lindsey S, Graves B, Yoo S, Olson JM, Langhans SA.Author information 1Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.AbstractMedulloblastoma, the most common pediatric brain tumor, is thought to arise from deregulated proliferation of cerebellar granule precursor (CGP) cells. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is the primary mitogen that regulates proliferation of CGP cells during the early stages of postnatal cerebellum development. Aberrant activation of Shh signaling during this time has been associated with hyperplasia of CGP cells and eventually may lead to the development of medulloblastoma. The molecular targets of Shh signaling involved in medulloblastoma formation are still not well-understood. Here, we show that Shh regulates sustained activation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and that this activity is required for continued proliferation of CGP cells. Suppression of HDAC activity not only blocked the Shh-induced CGP proliferation in primary cell cultures, but also ameliorated aberrant CGP proliferation at the external germinal layer (EGL) in a medulloblastoma mouse model. Increased levels of mRNA and protein of several HDAC family members were found in medulloblastoma compared to wild type cerebellum suggesting that HDAC activity is required for the survival/progression of tumor cells. The identification of a role of HDACs in the early steps of medulloblastoma formation suggests there may be a therapeutic potential for HDAC inhibitors in this disease.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Aug 9;8(8):e71455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071455. eCollection 2013.
Medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric brain tumor, is thought to arise from deregulated proliferation of cerebellar granule precursor (CGP) cells. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is the primary mitogen that regulates proliferation of CGP cells during the early stages of postnatal cerebellum development. A
PMID 23951168

Abdominopelvic tuberculosis in gynaecology: laparoscopical and new laboratory findings.

Tinelli A1, Malvasi A, Vergara D, Martignago R, Nicolardi G, Tinelli R, Pellegrino M.Author information 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy. andtinelli@libero.itAbstractINTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare curable infective disease, caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which in abdominopelvic (AP) localisation, can mimic a disseminated carcinomatosis. Symptoms of AP-TB are non-specific, so diagnosis is difficult and elusive as the affected patients have normal chest X-ray and elevated levels of CA125. Female ultrasonographic features of AP-TB mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis, and the computed tomography has also been suggested to be helpful, but the final diagnosis was reached by histology and serology.
The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology.Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol.2008 Feb;48(1):90-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2007.00800.x.
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare curable infective disease, caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which in abdominopelvic (AP) localisation, can mimic a disseminated carcinomatosis. Symptoms of AP-TB are non-specific, so diagnosis is difficult and elusive as the affected patients hav
PMID 18275578

Flavonoid-related regulation of auxin accumulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors.

Schwalm K1, Aloni R, Langhans M, Heller W, Stich S, Ullrich CI.Author information 1Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.AbstractAgrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors accumulate considerable concentrations of free auxin. To determine possible mechanisms by which high auxin concentrations are maintained, we examined the pattern of auxin and flavonoid distribution in plant tumors. Tumors were induced in transformants of Trifolium repens (L.), containing the beta-glucuronidase ( GUS)-fused auxin-responsive promoter ( GH3) or chalcone synthase ( CHS2) genes, and in transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., containing the GUS-fused synthetic auxin response element DR5. Expression of GH3::GUS and DR5::GUS was strong in proliferating metabolically active tumors, thus suggesting high free-auxin concentrations. Immunolocalization of total auxin with indole-3-acetic acid antibodies was consistent with GH3::GUS expression indicating the highest auxin concentration in the tumor periphery. By in situ staining with diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester, by thin-layer chromatography, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and two-photon laser-scanning microscopy spectrometry, tumor-specific flavones, isoflavones and pterocarpans were detected, namely 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), formononetin, and medicarpin. DHF was the dominant flavone in high free-auxin-accumulating stipules of Arabidopsis leaf primordia. Flavonoids were localized at the sites of strongest auxin-inducible CHS2::GUS expression in the tumor that was differentially modulated by auxin in the vascular tissue. CHS mRNA expression changes corresponded to the previously analyzed auxin concentration profile in tumors and roots of tumorized Ricinus plants. Application of DHF to stems, apically pretreated with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, inhibited GH3::GUS expression in a fashion similar to 1-N-naphthyl-phthalamic acid. Tumor, root and shoot growth was poor in inoculated tt4(85) flavonoid-deficient CHS mutants of Arabidopsis. It is concluded that CHS-dependent flavonoid aglycones are possibly endogenous regulators of the basipetal auxin flux, thereby leading to free-auxin accumulation in A. tumefaciens-induced tumors. This, in turn, triggers vigorous proliferation and vascularization of the tumor tissues and suppresses their further differentiation.
Planta.Planta.2003 Dec;218(2):163-78. Epub 2003 Oct 2.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors accumulate considerable concentrations of free auxin. To determine possible mechanisms by which high auxin concentrations are maintained, we examined the pattern of auxin and flavonoid distribution in plant tumors. Tumors were induced in transformants o
PMID 14523649

Japanese Journal

I-B-15 Structural analysis of cytotrophoblastic cell (Langhans' cell) layer of human placental villi(THE 45TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY)

Mori Miki,Ishikawa Gen,Kurasawa Gotaro,Goto Tadashi,Kataoka Hiroaki,Takeshita Toshiyuki,Takizawa Toshihiro
Acta histochemica et cytochemica 38(2), 161, 2005
NAID 110003161262

胃サルコイドーシスの1例

塩崎裕士,田原利行,山岸由幸,中田功,加瀬建一
Progress of Digestive Endoscopy 62(2), 92-93, 2003
… Endoscopic ultrasonography of the lesion showed a thickened hypoechoic area in the second inner layer. … Biopsy specimens taken from the lesions showed non-caseous epithelioid granulomas with Langhans giant cells in the lamina propria microscopically. …
NAID 130004652203

胆嚢癌を併存した胆嚢結核症の1例

藤原純明,阿部幹,斎藤拓朗,土屋貴男,佐藤佳宏,見城明,後藤満一
日本消化器外科学会雑誌 35(3), 307-311, 2002-03-01
症例は73歳の男性.主訴は上腹部痛.腹部超音波で胆嚢は腫大し内部に胆泥が充満し,胆嚢頸部に結石様の高エコー域を認めた.ERCでは胆嚢管は途絶し胆嚢は造影されなかった.慢性胆嚢炎を伴う胆嚢結石と診断され,手術目的に当科へ入院した.胆嚢摘出術を施行したところ胆嚢内に胆泥を認め,胆嚢頸部には隆起性病変を認めた.術中迅速病理所見で胆嚢癌の診断を得たため肝床切除術および胆管切除術,D2リンパ節郭清を施行した …
NAID 110001344223