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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/08 21:56:43」(JST)

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Kupffer cells, also known as Browicz-Kupffer cells and stellate macrophages, are specialized macrophages located in the liver lining the walls of the sinusoids that form part of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (also called mononuclear phagocyte system).

History

The cells were first observed by Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer in 1876.^[1] The scientist called them "sternzellen" (star cells or hepatic stellate cell) but thought, falsely, that they were an integral part of the endothelium of the liver blood vessels and that they originated from it. In 1898, after several years of research, Tadeusz Browicz, a Polish scientist, identified them, correctly, as macrophages. ^[2]^[3]

Development

Their development begins in the bone marrow with the genesis of promonocytes and monoblasts into monocytes, and then on to peripheral blood monocytes, completing their differentiation into Kupffer cells.^[4]

Function

Red blood cells are broken down by phagocytic action, where the haemoglobin molecule is split. The globin chains are re-utilized, while the iron-containing portion, heme, is further broken down into iron, which is re-utilized, and bilirubin, which is conjugated to glucuronic acid within hepatocytes and secreted into the bile.

Helmy et al. identified a receptor present in Kupffer cells, the complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family (CRIg). Mice without CRIg could not clear complement system-coated pathogens. CRIg is conserved in mice and humans and is a critical component of the innate immune system.^[5]

Function in alcoholic liver disease

Kupffer cell activation is responsible for early ethanol-induced liver injury, common in chronic alcoholics. Chronic alcoholism and liver injury deal with a two hit system. The second hit is characterized by an activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14, receptors on the Kupffer cell that internalize endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS). This activates the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNFα) and production of superoxides (a pro-oxidant). TNFα will then enter the stellate cell in the liver, leading to collagen synthesis and fibrosis. Fibrosis will eventually cause cirrhosis, or loss of function of the liver.^[6]

References

^ Haubrich WS. (2004). "Kupffer of Kupffer cells". Gastroenterology 127 (1): 16. PMID 15236167.
^ Szymańska R, Schmidt-Pospuła M (1979). "Studies of liver's reticuloendothelial cells by Tadeusz Browicz and Karl Kupffer. A historical outline". Archiwum historii medycyny 42 (3): 331–6. PMID 386989.
^ Stachura J, Gałazka K (2003). "History and current status of Polish gastroenterological pathology.". Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 54 Suppl 3: 183–92. PMID 15075472.
^ Naito M, Hasegawa G, Takahashi K (1997). "Development, differentiation, and maturation of Kupffer cells.". Microscopy Research and Technique 39 (4): 350–64. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19971115)39:4<350::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 9407545.
^ Helmy K, Katschke K, Gorgani N, Kljavin N, Elliott J, Diehl L, Scales S, Ghilardi N, van Lookeren Campagne M (2006). "CRIg: a macrophage complement receptor required for phagocytosis of circulating pathogens". Cell 124 (5): 915–27. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.12.039. PMID 16530040.
^ Michael D. Wheeler, Ph.D. (2004). "Endotoxin and Kupffer Cell Activation in Alcoholic Liver Disease.". National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the NIH.

External links

Organology at UC Davis digestive/mammal/liver5/liver4 - "Mammal, liver (EM, Low)"
BU Histology Learning System: 15508loa

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 機械的損傷による外因性非免疫性溶血性貧血：断片化溶血および脾機能亢進 extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemia due to mechanical damage fragmentation hemolysis and hypersplenism

English Journal

Selective role for tumor necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin-1 or Kupffer cells, in down-regulation of CYP3A11 and CYP3A25 in livers of mice infected with a noninvasive intestinal pathogen.

Kinloch RD, Lee CM, van Rooijen N, Morgan ET.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Biochemical pharmacology.Biochem Pharmacol.2011 Aug 1;82(3):312-21. Epub 2011 May 6.
Hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) gene and protein expression are modulated during inflammation and infection. Oral infection of C57BL/6 mice with Citrobacter rodentium produces mild clinical symptoms while selectively regulating hepatic P450 expression and elevating levels of proinflammatory cytokines
PMID 21570957

Advances and future challenges in adenoviral vector pharmacology and targeting.

Khare R, Chen CY, Weaver EA, Barry MA.SourceMayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA. mab@mayo.edu.
Current gene therapy.Curr Gene Ther.2011 Aug 1;11(4):241-58.
Adenovirus is a robust vector for therapeutic applications, but its use is limited by our understanding of its complex in vivo pharmacology. In this review we describe the necessity of identifying its natural, widespread, and multifaceted interactions with the host since this information will be cru
PMID 21453281

Japanese Journal

Molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration and protection for treatment of liver dysfunction and diseases

Fujiyoshi Masato,Ozaki Michitaka
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 18(1), 13-22, 2011-01
… It is achieved by a complex interaction network consisting of liver cells (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells and stem cells) and extra-hepatic organs (thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, duodenum and autonomous nervous system). … Hepatocytes are 'primed' mainly by Kupffer cells via cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and then 'proliferation' and 'cell growth' of hepatocyte are induced by the stimulations of cytokines and growth factors (HGF and TGF-alpha). …
NAID 120002777841

Effects of S/B Remedy Containing Scutellaria baicalensis and Bupleurum scorzonerifolfium on Hepatic Interleukin-6 Related Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation in Mice through Cell–Cell Interaction

Lee Chang-Yin,Wang Jir-You,Chen Tzu-Chun,Jiang Jeng-Kae,Peng Chi-Hao,Kuo Cheng-Deng,Chang Wen-Chi,Chiu Jen-Hwey,Wu Chew-Wun
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(5), 727-733, 2011
… The aim of this study was to investigate whether S/B remedy induced mouse hepatic STAT3 activation directly in hepatocytes or indirectly via non-parenchymal cell–hepatocyte interaction. … while C57BL/6J mice were used to study indirect effects of S/B remedy using gadolinium chloride to deplete Kupffer cells function. …
NAID 130000657787

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クッパー細胞」「Kupffer細胞」
関連記事	「cell」

「クッパー細胞」

Kupffer cell
	Centrilobular Kupffer cells, with a grey granular cytoplasm, in a resolving liver injury. Liver biopsy. Trichrome stain.
	Basic liver structure
Latin	macrophagocytus stellatus
MeSH	Kupffer+Cells
Code	TH H3.04.05.0.00017

　　[★]

英: Kupffer cell (Z)
同: 星状大食細胞 macrophagocytus stellatus

機能

貪食能を有する

局在

肝臓の類洞に存在。類洞の内皮細胞に接着して移動

発生学

卵黄嚢あるいは胎生期の肝臓にある原始・胎生期マクロファージ？

「Kupffer細胞」

　　[★]

英: Kupffer cell
関: 星細胞、クッパー細胞

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

[1] Haubrich WS. (2004). "Kupffer of Kupffer cells". Gastroenterology 127 (1): 16. PMID 15236167.

[2] Szymańska R, Schmidt-Pospuła M (1979). "Studies of liver's reticuloendothelial cells by Tadeusz Browicz and Karl Kupffer. A historical outline". Archiwum historii medycyny 42 (3): 331–6. PMID 386989.

[3] Stachura J, Gałazka K (2003). "History and current status of Polish gastroenterological pathology.". Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 54 Suppl 3: 183–92. PMID 15075472.

[4] Naito M, Hasegawa G, Takahashi K (1997). "Development, differentiation, and maturation of Kupffer cells.". Microscopy Research and Technique 39 (4): 350–64. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19971115)39:4<350::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 9407545.

[5] Helmy K, Katschke K, Gorgani N, Kljavin N, Elliott J, Diehl L, Scales S, Ghilardi N, van Lookeren Campagne M (2006). "CRIg: a macrophage complement receptor required for phagocytosis of circulating pathogens". Cell 124 (5): 915–27. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.12.039. PMID 16530040.

[6] Michael D. Wheeler, Ph.D. (2004). "Endotoxin and Kupffer Cell Activation in Alcoholic Liver Disease.". National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the NIH.

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案内

Kupffer cell