コッホ現象
WordNet
- any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
- a remarkable development
- German bacteriologist who isolated the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus and the cholera bacillus (1843-1910) (同)Robert_Koch
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『現象』 / 驚くべきこと(物),非凡な人
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Temporal structure coding with and without awareness.
- Faivre N1, Koch C2.Author information 1Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Electronic address: nfaivre@caltech.edu.2Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.AbstractIn order to interpret a constantly changing environment, visual events far apart in space and time must be integrated into a unified percept. While spatial properties of invisible signals are known to be encoded without awareness, the fate of temporal properties remains largely unknown. Here, we probed temporal integration for two distinct motion stimuli that were either visible or rendered invisible using continuous flash suppression. We found that when invisible, both the direction of apparent motion and the gender of point-light walkers were processed only when defined across short time periods (i.e., respectively 100ms and 1000ms). This limitation was not observed under full visibility. These similar findings at two different hierarchical levels of processing suggest that temporal integration windows shrink in the absence of perceptual awareness. We discuss this phenomenon as a key prediction of the global neuronal workspace and the information integration theories of consciousness.
- Cognition.Cognition.2014 Jun;131(3):404-14. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.02.008. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
- In order to interpret a constantly changing environment, visual events far apart in space and time must be integrated into a unified percept. While spatial properties of invisible signals are known to be encoded without awareness, the fate of temporal properties remains largely unknown. Here, we pro
- PMID 24681581
- Ultraviolet-radiation-induced inflammation promotes angiotropism and metastasis in melanoma.
- Bald T1, Quast T2, Landsberg J1, Rogava M1, Glodde N1, Lopez-Ramos D1, Kohlmeyer J1, Riesenberg S3, van den Boorn-Konijnenberg D3, Hömig-Hölzel C3, Reuten R4, Schadow B5, Weighardt H5, Wenzel D6, Helfrich I7, Schadendorf D7, Bloch W8, Bianchi ME9, Lugassy C10, Barnhill RL10, Koch M4, Fleischmann BK6, Förster I5, Kastenmüller W11, Kolanus W2, Hölzel M3, Gaffal E1, Tüting T1.Author information 1Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.2Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.3Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.4Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.5Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.6Institute for Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.7Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.8Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.9Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele University and Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.10Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.11Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.AbstractIntermittent intense ultraviolet (UV) exposure represents an important aetiological factor in the development of malignant melanoma. The ability of UV radiation to cause tumour-initiating DNA mutations in melanocytes is now firmly established, but how the microenvironmental effects of UV radiation influence melanoma pathogenesis is not fully understood. Here we report that repetitive UV exposure of primary cutaneous melanomas in a genetically engineered mouse model promotes metastatic progression, independent of its tumour-initiating effects. UV irradiation enhanced the expansion of tumour cells along abluminal blood vessel surfaces and increased the number of lung metastases. This effect depended on the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, initiated by the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from UV-damaged epidermal keratinocytes and driven by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The UV-induced neutrophilic inflammatory response stimulated angiogenesis and promoted the ability of melanoma cells to migrate towards endothelial cells and use selective motility cues on their surfaces. Our results not only reveal how UV irradiation of epidermal keratinocytes is sensed by the innate immune system, but also show that the resulting inflammatory response catalyses reciprocal melanoma-endothelial cell interactions leading to perivascular invasion, a phenomenon originally described as angiotropism in human melanomas by histopathologists. Angiotropism represents a hitherto underappreciated mechanism of metastasis that also increases the likelihood of intravasation and haematogenous dissemination. Consistent with our findings, ulcerated primary human melanomas with abundant neutrophils and reactive angiogenesis frequently show angiotropism and a high risk for metastases. Our work indicates that targeting the inflammation-induced phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and their association with endothelial cells represent rational strategies to specifically interfere with metastatic progression.
- Nature.Nature.2014 Mar 6;507(7490):109-13. doi: 10.1038/nature13111. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
- Intermittent intense ultraviolet (UV) exposure represents an important aetiological factor in the development of malignant melanoma. The ability of UV radiation to cause tumour-initiating DNA mutations in melanocytes is now firmly established, but how the microenvironmental effects of UV radiation i
- PMID 24572365
- Factors influencing the occurrence of a T2-STIR hypersignal in the lumbosacral adipose tissue.
- Genu A1, Koch G1, Colin D1, Aho S2, Pearson E1, Ben Salem D3.Author information 1Service d'imagerie médicale, hôpital la Cavale-Blanche, CHU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France.2Service d'épidémiologie, CHU de Dijon, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon, France.3Service d'imagerie médicale, hôpital la Cavale-Blanche, CHU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; GETBO (EA3878), université de Bretagne Occidentale, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France. Electronic address: douraied.bensalem@chu-brest.fr.AbstractPURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to determine whether there is a relation between overweight, age, sex, "hospitalised/outpatient" status and a non-inflammatory hypersignal of the subcutaneous lumbosacral adipose tissue in T2 Short-Tau Inversion-Recovery (T2-STIR) MR imaging sequences.
- Diagnostic and interventional imaging.Diagn Interv Imaging.2014 Mar;95(3):283-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2013.10.005. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
- PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to determine whether there is a relation between overweight, age, sex, "hospitalised/outpatient" status and a non-inflammatory hypersignal of the subcutaneous lumbosacral adipose tissue in T2 Short-Tau Inversion-Recovery (T2-STIR) MR imaging sequences.PATIENTS AN
- PMID 24231344
Japanese Journal
- 〈Original Papers〉視覚属性に対する注意の影響と網膜像の皮質における写像を考慮した視覚探索モデル
- 矢野 勝也,小濱 剛
- Memoirs of the Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology of Kinki University (28), 41-52, 2011-09
- … Such models can predict the distribution of gaze positions (Itti & Koch 2000). … In peripheral vision, there is a phenomenon called facilitation of return (FOR), which refers as an enhancement of the visibility of particular visual attributes to make a search more efficient. …
- NAID 120003460258
- 冠静脈内で逆行性の遅伝導路のアブレーションに成功した三重伝導路をもつｓｌｏｗ‐ｓｌｏｗ型房室結節リエントリー性頻拍の１例
- 甲谷 友幸,三橋 武司,渡部 智紀,中神 理恵子,籏 義仁,島田 和幸,苅尾 七臣
- 心電図 31(3), 249-255, 2011
- … レノール負荷下の心房期外刺激では上室頻拍は誘発できなかったが，jump upの後に心室二重応答を伴った房室結節2エコーが出現した．房室結節エコー時と心室刺激時の最早期心房興奮は一致していた．通常のKoch三角下方の解剖学的遅伝導路を通電したが，jump upのみならず逆行性伝導も残存していた．CARTOシステムで心室刺激時の心房興奮をmappingしたところ，最早期心房興奮部位はやはり冠静脈内であることを確認した …
- NAID 130001164277
Related Links
- Koch phe·nom·e·non (kok), 1. infection immunity; living tubercle bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, do not cause reinfection when inoculated into tuberculous guinea pigs. The animals are immune to reinfection even though their ...
- Koch's phenomenon Etymology: Robert Koch; Gk, phainomenon, anything seen a tuberculin reaction that occurs when a culture of tubercle bacilli is injected into the skin of subjects already infected with the disease. In humans a ...
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- Koch phenomenon
- 関
- 結核菌、結核
参考3より引用
（１） コッホ現象について
- 健常者がＢＣＧを初めて接種した場合は、接種後１０日頃に針痕部位に発赤が生じ、接種後１月から２月までの頃に化膿巣が出現する。
- 一方、結核既感染者にあっては、接種後１０日以内に接種局所の発赤・腫脹及び針痕部位の化膿等を来たし、通常２週間から４週間後に消炎、瘢痕化し、治癒する一連の反応が起こることがあり、これをコッホ現象という。これは、ＢＣＧ再接種において見られる反応と同一の性質のものが結核感染後の接種において比較的強く出現したものである。
（２） コッホ現象出現時の対応
市区町村は、予防接種の実施に当たって、コッホ現象に関する情報提供及び説明を行い、次の事項を保護者に周知しておくこと。
- (ア)コッホ現象と思われる反応が被接種者に見られた場合は、速やかに接種医療機関を受診させること。
- (イ)コッホ現象が出現した場合は、接種局所を清潔に保つ以外の特別の処置は不要である。反応が起こってから糜爛(びらん)や潰瘍が消退するまでの経過が概ね４週間を超える等治癒が遷延する場合は、混合感染の可能性もあることから、接種医療機関を受診させること。
- イ 市区町村長におけるコッホ現象事例報告書の取り扱い
- 市区町村長は、あらかじめ様式第六(PDF:81KB)のコッホ現象事例報告書を管内の医療機関に配布し、医師がコッホ現象を診断した場合に、保護者の同意を得て、直ちに当該被接種者が予防接種を受けた際の居住区域を管轄する市区町村長へ報告するよう協力を求めること。
- また、市区町村長は、医師からコッホ現象の報告を受けた場合は、保護者の同意を得て、コッホ現象事例報告書を都道府県知事に提出すること。
都道府県知事は、市区町村長からコッホ現象の報告を受けた場合は、厚生労働大臣あてにコッホ現象事例報告書の写し（個人情報に係る部分を除く。）を提出すること。
- エ コッホ現象事例報告書等における個人情報の取り扱い
イにおいて、保護者の同意が得られない場合は、個人情報を除く事項をそれぞれ報告及び提出すること。
（３） 副反応報告の提出
コッホ現象は、通常、様式第五(PDF:71KB)の別表(PDF:112KB)に定める副反応の報告基準に該当しないので、副反応報告は不要であること。ただし、接種局所の変化の経過が遷延し、接種後４週間以上にわたって湿潤する場合は、第１の１５に定めるところにより、「接種局所の膿瘍」として副反応報告の必要があるので留意すること。
参考
- 1. コッホ現象のしおりについて_乾燥BCGワクチン - 日本ビーシージー製造株式会社 ← まんまな会社名ですね
- http://www.bcg.gr.jp/bcg/pdf/koch_japanese.pdf
- http://www.jata.or.jp/rit/rj/302kohho.pdf
- http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bcg/tuuchi/2.html
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- 関
- consequence、event、phenomena、phenomenal