ヘモフィルス感染症
WordNet
- (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
- (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
- the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
- (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
- moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
- an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/02/07 07:36:20」(JST)
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Not to be confused with Haemophilia
Haemophilus |
|
Haemophilus influenzae on a blood agar plate. |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
Phylum: |
Proteobacteria |
Class: |
Gammaproteobacteria |
Order: |
Pasteurellales |
Family: |
Pasteurellaceae |
Genus: |
Haemophilus
Winslow et al. 1917 |
Species |
H. aegyptius
H. aphrophilus
H. avium
H. ducreyi
H. felis
H. haemoglobinophilus[1]
H. haemolyticus
H. influenzae
H. parainfluenzae
H. paracuniculus
H. parahaemolyticus
H. paraphrohaemolyticus[1]
H. parasuis[1]
H. pittmaniae
H. piscium[1]
H. segnis
H. sputorum[1]
H. somnus
|
Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.[2][3] While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they occasionally assume. These organisms inhabit the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract.[4] The genus includes commensal organisms along with some significant pathogenic species such as H. influenzae—a cause of sepsis and bacterial meningitis in young children—and H. ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid. All members are either aerobic or facultatively anaerobic.
Metabolism
Members of the Haemophilus genus will not grow on blood agar plates, as all species require at least one of these blood factors for growth: hemin (factor X) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (factor V). They are unable to synthesize important parts of the cytochrome system needed for respiration, and they obtain these substances from the heme fraction, known as the X factor, of blood hemoglobin. The culture medium must also supply the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (from either NAD+ or NADP+), which is known as the V factor. Clinical laboratories use tests for the requirement of the X and V factors to identify the isolates as Haemophilus species.<[4]
Chocolate agar is an excellent Haemophilus growth medium, as it allows for increased accessibility to these factors.[5] Alternatively, Haemophilus is sometimes cultured using the "Staph streak" technique: both Staphylococcus and Haemophilus organisms are cultured together on a single blood agar plate. In this case, Haemophilus colonies will frequently grow in small "satellite" colonies around the larger Staphylococcus colonies because the metabolism of Staphylococcus produces the necessary blood factor byproducts required for Haemophilus growth.
Strain[6] |
Needs Factor X |
Needs Factor V |
Hemolysis on HB/Rabbit blood |
H. aegyptius |
+ |
+ |
– |
H. ducreyi |
+ |
– |
– |
H. influenzae |
+ |
+ |
– |
H. haemolyticus |
+ |
+ |
+ |
H. parainfluenzae |
– |
+ |
– |
H. parahaemolyticus |
– |
+ |
+ |
References
- ^ a b c d e LPSN bacterio.net
- ^ Holt JG (editor) (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed.). Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-00603-7.
- ^ Kuhnert P; Christensen H (editors). (2008). Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-34-9. [1].
- ^ a b Tortora(1), Funke(2), Case(3), Gerard J(1), Berdell R(2), Christine L(3) (2016). Microbiology: An Introduction (12th ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 301. ISBN 978-0321929150. OCLC 892055958.
- ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ McPherson RA; Pincus MR (editors) (2011). Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (22nd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 1437709745.
External links
- Haemophilus chapter in Baron's Medical Microbiology (online at the NCBI bookshelf).
- Raw Living Radio Interviews Dr Robert Cassar as part of a 3 Show Series in HD 2014 from the EarthShiftProject.com, an educational and informational research organization
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Altered expression of the CCN genes in the lungs of mice in response to cigarette smoke exposure and viral and bacterial infections.
- Gueugnon F1, Thibault VC1, Kearley J2, Petit-Courty A1, Vallet A1, Guillon A1, Si-Tahar M1, Humbles AA2, Courty Y3.
- Gene.Gene.2016 Jul 15;586(1):176-83. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.022. Epub 2016 Apr 11.
- The CCN proteins are key signaling and regulatory molecules involved in many biological functions and contribute to malignant and non-malignant lung diseases. Despite the high morbidity and mortality of the lung respiratory infectious diseases, there is very little data related to the expression of
- PMID 27080955
- Microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis.
- Brook I1.
- European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2016 Jul;35(7):1059-68. doi: 10.1007/s10096-016-2640-x. Epub 2016 Apr 16.
- Most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. Rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes of sinusitis. The most common bacterial isolates from children and adult patients with community-acquired acute bacterial sinusiti
- PMID 27086363
- Developing a vaccine to prevent otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.
- Khan MN1, Ren D1, Kaur R1, Basha S1, Zagursky R1, Pichichero ME1.
- Expert review of vaccines.Expert Rev Vaccines.2016 Jul;15(7):863-78. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1156539. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a predominant organism of the upper respiratory nasopharyngeal microbiota. Its disease spectrum includes otitis media, sinusitis, non-bacteremic pneumonia and invasive infections. Protein-based vaccines to prevent NTHi infections are needed to alleviate t
- PMID 26894630
Japanese Journal
- 症例報告 RSウイルス感染に合併し,痙攣重積を伴った無莢膜型インフルエンザ菌による細菌性気管炎の1例
- 高知県医師会医学雑誌 = Journal of Kochi Medical Association 22(1), 280-286, 2017
- NAID 40021182833
- Evaluation of glutathione-binding protein A of <i>Haemophilus parasuis</i> as a vaccine candidate in a mouse model
- 症例 インフルエンザ桿菌による子宮内感染により生後3時間で新生児死亡に至った1例
Related Links
- In infants and young children, H. influenzae type b (Hib) causes bacteremia, pneumonia, and acute bacterial meningitis. On occasion, it causes cellulitis, osteomyelitis, epiglottitis, and infectious arthritis. In fact, Haemophilus influenzae is the ...
- Hemophilus infections, most of which are due to Haemophilus influenzae infections, are a group of contagious diseases that are caused by a gram- negative bacterium, and affect only humans. Some hemophilus infections are potentially fatal.
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- 関
- contagion、infect、infectious disease、infestation、transmission、transmit