Fulgoroidea

ハゴロモ上科

• ゴロモ上科

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Cicadelloidea、Cicadoidea、Coccoidea、Hemiptera、leafhopper、Psylloidea、scale insect、whitefly

WordNet

1. plant bugs; bedbugs; some true bugs; also includes suborders Heteroptera (true bugs) and Homoptera (e.g., aphids, plant lice and cicadas) (同)order Hemiptera
2. small leaping insect that sucks the juices of plants
3. scale insects and mealybugs (同)superfamily Coccoidea
4. minute insect that feeds on plant juices; related to scale insects

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. ヨコバイ(植物の液汁を吸う害虫)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/26 00:34:04」(JST)

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Planthopper
Siphanta acuta (Flatidae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hemiptera
Suborder:	Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder:	Fulgoromorpha
Superfamily:	Fulgoroidea
Families
see text

A planthopper is any insect in the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, exceeding 12,500 described species worldwide. The name comes from their remarkable resemblance to leaves and other plants of their environment and from the fact that they often "hop" for quick transportation in a similar way to that of grasshoppers. However, planthoppers generally walk very slowly so as not to attract attention. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, though surprisingly few are considered pests. The infraorder contains only a single superfamily, Fulgoroidea. Fulgoroids are most reliably distinguished from the other Auchenorrhyncha by two features; the bifurcate ("Y"-shaped) anal vein in the forewing, and the thickened, three-segmented antennae, with a generally round or egg-shaped second segment (pedicel) that bears a fine filamentous arista.

Overview

Nymphs of many fulgoroids produce wax from special glands on the abdominal terga and other parts of the body. These are hydrophobic and help conceal the insects. Adult females of many families also produce wax which may be used to protect eggs.

planthopper (Pterodictya reticularis) with abdominal filaments of ketoester wax

Fulgoroid nymphs also possess a biological gear mechanism at the base of the hind legs, which keeps the legs in synchrony when the insects jump; the gears are not present in the adults, and were known for decades before the function of the gears was only recently discovered.

Planthoppers are often vectors for plant diseases, especially phytoplasmas which live in the phloem of plants and can be transmitted by planthoppers when feeding.

A number of extinct member of Fulgoroidea are known from the fossil record, such as the Lutetian age Emiliana from the Green River Formation in Colorado, USA.

Classification

As mentioned under Auchenorrhyncha, some authors use the name Archaeorrhyncha as a replacement for the Fulgoromorpha.

The extant families of Fulgoroidea are:

• Acanaloniidae
• Achilidae
• Achilixiidae
• Caliscelidae
• Cixiidae
• Delphacidae
• Derbidae
• Dictyopharidae
• Eurybrachidae (= Eurybrachyidae)
• Flatidae
• Fulgoridae
• Gengidae
• Hypochthonellidae
• Issidae (sometimes includes Caliscelidae)
• Kinnaridae
• Lophopidae
• Meenoplidae
• Nogodinidae
• Ricaniidae
• Tettigometridae
• Tropiduchidae

In culture

The planthopper is mentioned in a key scene from Alfred Hitchcock's film Marnie:

"In Kenya, there is quite a beautiful flower—rather like a hyacinth. If you should reach out to touch it, you would discover that the flower is not a flower at all, but a design made up of hundreds of tiny insects called flatid bugs. They escape the eyes of hungry birds by living and dying in the shape of a flower."

Gallery

• Metcalfa pruinosa (Flatidae)

• Flatolystra verrucosa (Fulgoridae)

• nymphal Dictyophara europaea (Dictyopharidae)

• Pyrops candelaria (Fulgoridae)

• Paropioxys jucundus (Eurybrachidae)

Notes

References

• Stephen W. Wilson (2005) Keys To The Families Of Fulgoromorpha with emphasis on planthoppers of potential economic importance in the southeastern United States (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Florida Entomologist 88(4) PDF
• Bourgoin T. 1996-2015. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. [1]
• Larivière, M.-C.; Fletcher, M.J.; Larochelle, A. 2010: Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand, (63)
• Swzedo J.; Bourgoin T.; Lefèbvre, F. 2004: An annotated catalogue of Fulgoromorpha, :37-137. In: Fossil Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) of the world. An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Swzedo, J., Th. Bourgoin & F. Lefèbvre. J. Swzedo edt., Warsaw 2004, 199 pp + 8 pl.

External links

• Metcalfa pruinosa, citrus flatid planthopper on the University of Florida/IFAS Featured Creatures website
• Ormenaria rufifascia, a flatid planthopper on the University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website
• www.planthopper.com

English Journal

• Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis of the chromatoid body during spermatogenesis of Triatoma platensis and T. rubrovaria (Hemiptera, Triatominae).

• Borgueti Ade O1, Alevi KC2, Silistino-Souza R3, Rosa JA4, Azeredo-Oliveira MT5.
• Micron (Oxford, England : 1993).Micron.2015 Jul;74:44-6. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
• This study sought to analyze spermatogenesis in two species of triatomines (Triatoma rubrovaria and T. platensis) by focusing on the chromatoid body (CB) during three stages of spermatogenesis (spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis). The cytochemistry technique known as silver impregnatio
• PMID 25939088

• The push-pull strategy for citrus psyllid control.

• Yan H1,2,3, Zeng J1,2,3, Zhong G1,2,3.
• Pest management science.Pest Manag Sci.2015 Jul;71(7):893-6. doi: 10.1002/ps.3915. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
• The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the only natural vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus huanglongbing (HLB), a most destructive disease of citrus. Currently, no remedial therapy exists for the disease, and so effective cont
• PMID 25256398

• Identification of putative kdr mutations in the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

• Dang K1,2, Toi CS1, Lilly DG1, Lee CY3, Naylor R4, Tawatsin A5, Thavara U5, Bu W2, Doggett SL1.
• Pest management science.Pest Manag Sci.2015 Jul;71(7):1015-20. doi: 10.1002/ps.3880. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
• BACKGROUND: Bed bugs [both Cimex hemipterus (F.) and Cimex lectularius L.] are highly resistant to pyrethroids worldwide. An important resistance mechanism known as 'knockdown resistance' (kdr) is caused by genetic point mutations on the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene. Previous studies hav
• PMID 25132449

Japanese Journal

• Revision of the genus Rhotala Walker, 1857 (Hemiptera : Fulgoroidea : Achilidae) in China, with description of a new species

• XU Pian,LIANG Ai-Ping
• Entomological science 14(3), 319-325, 2011-07-05
• NAID 10030580506

• 小笠原諸島からの注目すべき昆虫類の記録

• 苅部 治紀,松本 浩一,岸本 年郎 [他]
• 小笠原研究 -(38), 1-15, 2011
• … The report includes following taxa: Coleoptera (Carabidae, Lucanidae, Buprestidae, Mordellidae, Oedemeridae, Cerambycidae, Anthribidae), Hemiptera (Psylloidea, Cicadelloidea, Fulgoroidea), Diptera (Asilidae, Syrphidae), with ecological notes and comments for conservation. …
• NAID 40019327757

• TYPE SPECIMENS OF MATSUMURA'S SPECIES OF FULGOROIDEA (EXCLUDING DELPHACIDAE) IN THE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY INSECT COLLECTION, JAPAN (HEMIPTERA : FULGOROMORPHA)

• Liang Ai-Ping,SUWA Masaaki
• Insecta matsumurana. Series entomology. New series 54, 133-166, 1998-03
• NAID 120000958179

Related Links

• Planthopper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

... the phloem of plants and can be transmitted by planthoppers when feeding. A number of extinct member of Fulgoroidea arer known from the fossil record, such as the Lutetian age Emiliana from the Green River Formation in Colorado, USA.

Related Pictures

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リンク元	「Hemiptera」「ハゴロモ上科」「Coccoidea」「Cicadelloidea」「Psylloidea」

「Hemiptera」

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半翅類、カメムシ類、半翅目、カメムシ目

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Cicadelloidea、Cicadoidea、Coccoidea、Fulgoroidea、leafhopper、Psylloidea、scale insect、whitefly

　

「ハゴロモ上科」

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Fulgoroidea

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カイガラムシ、半翅目、オオヨコバイ上科、セミ上科、カイガラムシ上科、キジラミ上科、コナジラミ類、ヨコバイ

「Coccoidea」

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カイガラムシ上科

• イガラムシ上科

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Cicadelloidea、Cicadoidea、Fulgoroidea、Hemiptera、leafhopper、Psylloidea、scale insect、whitefly

　

「Cicadelloidea」

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オオヨコバイ上科

• オヨコバイ上科

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Cicadoidea、Coccoidea、Fulgoroidea、Hemiptera、leafhopper、Psylloidea、scale insect、whitefly

「Psylloidea」

　　[★]

キジラミ上科

• ジラミ上科

関

Cicadelloidea、Cicadoidea、Coccoidea、Fulgoroidea、Hemiptera、leafhopper、scale insect、whitefly