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a tiny grain

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小粒,微粒

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/31 20:32:53」(JST)

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Birbeck granules, also known as Birbeck bodies, are rod shaped^[1] or "tennis-racket" cytoplasmic organelles with a central linear density and a striated appearance. They are a characteristic microscopic finding in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), which is one of a group of rare conditions collectively known as histiocytosis.

Formation is induced by langerin.^[2]

Function

Function is under question, but one theory is that they migrate to the periphery of the Langerhans cells and release its contents into the extracellular matrix. Another theory is that the Birbeck granule functions in receptor-mediated endocytosis, similar to clathrin-coated pits.

History

Birbeck granules were discovered by Michael Stanley Clive Birbeck (1925–2005), a British scientist and electron microscopist who worked at the Chester Beatty Cancer Research Institute or Institute of Cancer Research, London from 1950 until 1981.^[3]

References

^ Mc Dermott R, Ziylan U, Spehner D, et al. (January 2002). "Birbeck granules are subdomains of endosomal recycling compartment in human epidermal Langerhans cells, which form where Langerin accumulates". Mol. Biol. Cell 13 (1): 317–35. doi:10.1091/mbc.01-06-0300. PMC 65091. PMID 11809842. http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11809842.
^ Kissenpfennig A, Aït-Yahia S, Clair-Moninot V, et al. (January 2005). "Disruption of the langerin/CD207 gene abolishes Birbeck granules without a marked loss of Langerhans cell function". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (1): 88–99. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.1.88-99.2005. PMC 538791. PMID 15601833. http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15601833.
^ synd/2221 at Who Named It?

External links

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1. ランゲルハンス細胞組織球症の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of langerhans cell histiocytosis
2. 小児および思春期におけるランゲルハンス細胞組織球症（好酸球性肉芽腫）骨病変 langerhans cell histiocytosis eosinophilic granuloma of bone in children and adolescents
3. 肺ランゲルハンス細胞組織球症 pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis
4. 間質性肺疾患における肺生検結果の解釈 interpretation of lung biopsy results in interstitial lung disease
5. 組織球性肉腫 histiocytic sarcoma

English Journal

Dendritic cells with lymphocyte-stimulating activity differentiate from human CD133 positive precursors.

Bonetti MI, Pieri L, Domenici L, Urbani S, Romano G, Aldinucci A, Ballerini C, Monici M, Saccardi R, Basile V, Bosi A, Romagnoli P.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;
Blood.2011 Apr 14;117(15):3983-95. Epub 2011 Feb 8.
CD133 is a hallmark of primitive myeloid progenitors. We have addressed whether human cord blood cells selected for CD133 can generate dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells in particular, in conditions that promote that generation from CD34(+) progenitors. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) an
PMID 21304102

Integration of Langerhans-like cells into a human skin equivalent.

Laubach V, Zoller N, Rossberg M, Gorg K, Kippenberger S, Bereiter-Hahn J, Kaufmann R, Bernd A.SourceDepartment of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Archives of dermatological research.2011 Mar;303(2):135-9. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
Studies regarding cellular interactions between Langerhans cells and other skin cells are somehow hampered by the difficult cultivation of these cells in vitro. Here, we show that the human MUTZ-3 cell line can be differentiated into Langerhans-like cells in the presence of a cytokine cocktail inclu
PMID 21069532

Japanese Journal

直腸に発生した指状嵌入細胞肉腫の1例

渋谷雅常,寺岡均,中尾重富,玉森豊,新田敦範,筑後孝章
日本消化器外科学会雑誌 43(8), 857-862, 2010-08-01
… い胞体からなる異型細胞がびまん性に増殖し,細胞相互の接合性に乏しく多数の核分裂像を認めた.免疫組織染色検査にて,CD68,CD99,S-100,vimentinが陽性,CD1a,CD3,CD79a,CD117,fascin,SMA,HLA-DR,EBER-ISHは陰性,電子顕微鏡像ではBirbeck顆粒は認められなかった.以上より,指状嵌入細胞肉腫と診断された.残存する大動脈周囲の病変に対し化学療法を施行中で,術後8か月縮小傾向を認めている.本腫瘍は過去に世界で約50例が報告されているにすぎ …
NAID 110007703366