WordNet
- small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
- a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
- a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
- any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
- a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
- the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
- the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
- a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
- =sense organ / 受信装置
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/05 19:53:09」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The B-cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin. The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids. The B cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the membrane).
The B-cell receptor or BCR is a transmembrane receptor protein located on the outer surface of B-cells. The receptor's binding moiety is composed of a membrane-bound antibody that, like all antibodies, has a unique and randomly determined antigen-binding site. When a B-cell is activated by its first encounter with an antigen that binds to its receptor (its "cognate antigen"), the cell proliferates and differentiates to generate a population of antibody-secreting plasma B cells and memory B cells. The B cell receptor (BCR) has two crucial functions upon interaction with Ag. One function is signal transduction, involving changes in receptor oligomerization. The second function is to mediate internalization for subsequent processing of Ag and presentation of peptides to helper T cells. BCR functions are required for normal antibody production, and defects in BCR signal transduction may lead to immunodeficency,[1] auto-immunity[2] and B-cell malignancy.[3]
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Contents
- 1 Components of the B-cell receptor
- 2 Signaling Pathways of the B-Cell Receptor
- 3 The B-cell receptor in malignancy
- 4 References
- 5 External links
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Components of the B-cell receptor
The B-cell receptor is composed of two parts:[4]
- Ligand binding moiety: A membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule of one isotype (IgD, IgM, IgA or IgE). With the exception of the presence of an integral membrane domain, these are identical to their secreted forms.
- Signal transduction moiety: A heterodimer called Ig-α/Ig-β (CD79), bound together by disulfide bridges. Each member of the dimer spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic tail bearing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM).
Signaling Pathways of the B-Cell Receptor
There are several signaling pathways that the B-Cell Receptor can follow through. Of those known, there can be intracellular signaling through the PLCy/calcium/NFAT pathway, the PI3K pathway, the IKK/NF-κB pathway, and canonical ERK pathway.[5] These processes pathways can be regulated by non-coding RNAs, like microRNAs [6].[[
- IKK/NF-κB Transcription Factor Pathway: CD79]] and other proteins, microsignalosomes, go to activate PLCɣ after antigen recognition by the BCR and before it goes to associate into the c-SMAC. It then cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and DAG (diacylglycerol). IP3 acts as a second messenger to dramatically increase ionic calcium inside the cytosol (via release from the endoplasmic reticulum or influx from the extracellular environment via ion channels). This leads to eventual activation of PKCβ from the calcium and DAG. PKCβ phosphorylates (either directly or indirectly) the NF-κB signaling complex protein CARMA1 (the complex itself comprising CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1). These result in recruitment and summoning of the IKK (IkB kinase), TAK1 by several ubiquitylation enzymes also associated with the CARMA1/BCL10/MALT1 complex. MALT1 itself is a caspase-like protein that cleaves A20, an inhibitory protein of NF-κB signaling (which acts by deubiquitylating NF-κB’s ubiquitylation substrates, having an inhibitory effect). TAK1 phosphorylates the IKK trimer after it too has been recruited to the signaling complex by its associated ubiquitylation enzymes. IKK then phosphorylates IkB (an inhibitor of and bound to NF-κB), which induces its destruction by marking it for proteolytic degradation, freeing cytosolic NF-κB. NF-κB then migrates to the nucleus to bind to DNA at specific response elements, causing recruitment of transcription molecules and beginning the transcription process.[5]
The B-cell receptor in malignancy
The B-cell receptor has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various B cell-derived lymphoid cancers. [7] Although it may be possible that stimulation by antigen binding contributes to the proliferation of malignant B cells,[8] increasing evidence implicates antigen-independent self-association of BCRs as a key feature in a growing number of B-cell neoplasias.[9][10][11][12]
References
- ^ Conley, Mary Ellen; A. Kerry Dobbs, Dana M. Farmer, Sebnem Kilic, Kenneth Paris, Sofia Grigoriadou, Elaine Coustan-Smith, Vanessa Howard, and Dario Campana (2009). 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132649?url "Primary B cell immunodeficiencies: comparisons and contrasts". Annual Review of Immunology 27.
- ^ Goodnow, Christopher (2007). "Multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune disease". Cell 130 (1).
- ^ Corcos, D; MJ Osborn, LS Matheson (2011). "B-cell receptors and heavy chain diseases: guilty by association?". Blood 117 (26).
- ^ Kindt, Thomas J.; Goldsby, Richard A.; Osborne, Barbara A.; Kuby, Janis (2007). Kuby immunology. New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 1-4292-0211-4.
- ^ a b Kurosaki, Tomohiro; Hisaaki Shinohara, Yoshihiro Baba (2008). "B Cell Signaling and Fate Decision". Annual Review of Immunology 28 (1). doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132541.
- ^ Mraz, M.; Kipps, T. J. (2013). "MicroRNAs and B Cell Receptor Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma: 1. doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.796055. PMID 23597135. edit
- ^ Mraz, M.; Kipps, T. J. (2013). "MicroRNAs and B Cell Receptor Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma: 1. doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.796055. PMID 23597135. edit
- ^ Daneshek, W; RS Schwartz (1959). "Leukemia and auto-immunization- some possible relationships.". Blood 14.
- ^ Corcos, D (1990). "Oncogenic potential of the B-cell antigen receptor and its relevance to heavy chain diseases and other B-cell neoplasias: a new model.". Res Immunol. 141 (6).
- ^ Corcos D, Dunda O, Butor C et al. (1995). "Pre-B-cell development in the absence of lambda 5 in transgenic mice expressing a heavy-chain disease protein". Curr. Biol. 5 (10): 1140–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00230-2. PMID 8548286.
- ^ Davis RE, et al. (2010). "Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.". Nature 463 (7277): 88–92.
- ^ Dühren-von Minden, M, et al. (2012). "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is driven by antigen-independent cell-autonomous signalling.". Nature 489: 309–312.
External links
- B-Cell Antigen Receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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Transmembrane receptors: Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors
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Antibody receptor:
Fc receptor |
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Epsilon (ε)
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FcεRI · (FcεRII is C-type lectin)
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Gamma (γ)
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FcγRI · FcγRII · FcγRIII · Neonatal
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Alpha (α)/mu (μ)
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FcαRI · Fcα/μR
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Secretory
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Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
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| Antigen receptor |
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B cells
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Antigen receptor
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BCR
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Co-receptor
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stimulate: CD21/CD19/CD81
inhibit: CD22
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Accessory molecules
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Ig-α/Ig-β (CD79)
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T cells
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Ligands
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MHC (MHC class I and MHC class II)
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Antigen receptor
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TCR: TRA@ · TRB@ · TRD@ · TRG@
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Co-receptors
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CD8 (with two glycoprotein chains CD8α and CD8β) · CD4
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Accessory molecules
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CD3 · CD3γ · CD3δ · CD3ε · ζ-chain (also called CD3ζ and TCRζ)
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| Cytokine receptor |
see cytokine receptors
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| Killer-cell IG-like receptors |
KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5A, KIR2DL5B, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, KIR3DS1
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| Leukocyte IG-like receptors |
LILRA1 · LILRA2 · LILRA3 · LILRA4 · LILRA5 · LILRA6 · LILRB1 · LILRB2 · LILRB3 · LILRB4 · LILRB5 · LILRA6 · LILRA5
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B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Disseminated herpes zoster in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients treated with B-cell receptor pathway inhibitors.
- Giridhar KV1, Shanafelt T1, Tosh PK2, Parikh SA1, Call TG1.
- Leukemia & lymphoma.Leuk Lymphoma.2017 Aug;58(8):1973-1976. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1267352. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
- PMID 27960571
- The molecular pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma.
- Vogt N1,2, Dai B1,3, Erdmann T1,3, Berdel WE2,3, Lenz G1,2,3.
- Leukemia & lymphoma.Leuk Lymphoma.2017 Jul;58(7):1530-1537. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1248965. Epub 2016 Nov 28.
- PMID 27894215
- Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the era of new targeted therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- Rossi D1,2, Gerber B1, Stüssi G1.
- Leukemia & lymphoma.Leuk Lymphoma.2017 Jul;58(7):1548-1560. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1250264. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
- PMID 27808579
Japanese Journal
- 再発・難治B細胞リンパ腫に対する抗CD19キメラ抗原受容体T細胞(CAR-T)療法の有効性 (特集 リンパ系腫瘍に対するkey clinical trialsの評価)
- DNA Microarray Analysis of Submandibular Glands in IgG4-Related Disease Indicates a Role for MARCO and Other Innate Immune-Related Proteins
- Quantitative Features of serum sIL-2R level in Patients with Mature B-Cell Lymphoma– Involvement of LDH
Related Links
- 米国CST社の日本法人CSTジャパン株式会社【公式サイト】B細胞受容体 シグナル伝達 (B Cell Receptor Signaling)ページ。高品質の研究用試薬、米国本社の開発研究者による技術的サポートをご提供しております。
- Pathway Description: The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is composed of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) molecules and associated Igα/Igβ (CD79a/CD79b) heterodimers (α/β). The mIg subunits bind antigen, resulting in receptor ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- B-cell receptor
- 関
- B細胞受容体
[★]
- Mg2+存在下でC3, B, Dが反応してC3bBbとなり、これがC3転換酵素(C3bBb)あるいはC5転換酵素(C3bBb3b)を形成する。これらはP(properdin)と結合して活性化し、それぞれC3、C5を活性化する
[★]
細胞