関: Euglena longa

WordNet

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified; "a long life"; "a long boring speech"; "a long time"; "a long friendship"; "a long game"; "long ago"; "an hour long"
(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration; "the English vowel sounds in `bate, `beat, `bite, `boat, `boot are long"
for an extended distance
for an extended time or at a distant time; "a promotion long overdue"; "something long hoped for"; "his name has long been forgotten"; "talked all night long"; "how long will you be gone?"; "arrived long before he was expected"; "it is long after your bedtime"
having or being more than normal or necessary:"long on brains"; "in long supply"
holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices; "is long on coffee"; "a long position in gold"
involving substantial risk; "long odds"
of relatively great height; "a race of long gaunt men"- Sherwood Anderson; "looked out the long French windows"
primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified; "a long road"; "a long distance"; "contained many long words"; "ten miles long"
prolonged unfulfilled desire or need (同)yearning, hungriness
inability to stand due to muscular incoordination

PrepTutorEJDIC

(距離・物の長さが)『長い』 / (時間が)『長い』,長く続く / 《時間・距離などを表離などを表す語を伴って》長さが…の / 『長々しい』,あきあきする / (数量が標準よりも)『多い』,長い / (人が)やせてひょろ長い / 長く,長い間,久しく / …じゅう / ずっと(前に,後に) / 長い間
『熱望する』
『あこがれ』,熱望 / (目の表情などが)あこがれの,熱望している

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1. 遠位指節間関節の屈筋腱の損傷（ジャージー指） flexor tendon injury of the distal interphalangeal joint jersey finger
2. 機能性不随意運動 functional movement disorders
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4. 口腔扁平苔癬：マネージメントおよび予後 oral lichen planus management and prognosis
5. Complementary, alternative, and integrative therapies for asthma

English Journal

[Endocellular aminopeptidase from Astasia longa].

Rudenskaia IuA, Aseev VV, Rudensaia GN.AbstractA new aminopeptidase was isolated from the biomass of the flagellate Astasia longa by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on Arginine-Silochrome in 41% yield and with purification degree 490. The enzyme is irreversible inhibited by mercury chloride, EDTA, o-phenanthroline and, partially, bestatin and zinc chloride. It has an optimum pH 8.5 toward the hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic substrate Ala-pNA. The enzyme molecular mass is 45 kDa, isoelectric point 5.5, and temperature optimum 45 degrees C. The enzyme most effectively hydrolyzes p-nitroanilides of alanine, arginine, and leucine; it is classified as metalloaminopeptidase.
Bioorganicheskaia khimiia.Bioorg Khim.2008 May-Jun;34(3):333-6.
A new aminopeptidase was isolated from the biomass of the flagellate Astasia longa by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on Arginine-Silochrome in 41% yield and with purification degree 490. The enzyme is irreversible inhibited by mercury chloride, EDTA,
PMID 18672681

Triosephosphate isomerase genes in two trophic modes of euglenoids (euglenophyceae) and their phylogenetic analysis.

Sun GL, Shen W, Wen JF.Author information State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.AbstractTwo different length cDNAs encoding triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were identified in the two trophic modes of euglenoids, the phototrophic Euglena gracilis and Euglena intermedia and the saprotrophic Astasia longa. Sequence analyses and presequence prediction indicated that the shorter cDNA encodes a cytosolic TIM and the longer cDNA encodes a plastid TIM (pTIM). The typical presequence of the putative A. longa pTIM and the high sequence similarity between A. longa pTIM and E. gracilis pTIM imply that A. longa pTIM is targeted to plastids. Therefore, although the plastids of A. longa have lost the ability of photosynthesis, they might retain other TIM-related function(s), such as glycolysis and the synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate or fatty acids. Including the TIM sequences obtained by us from chlorophytes and rhodophytes, our phylogenetic analyses indicated that euglenoid TIMs group neither with TIMs of kinetoplastids, which share the nearest common ancestor with euglenoids, nor are closely related to TIMs of chlorophytes, which are considered to be the donors of euglenoid plastids through secondary endosymbiosis. Instead, they group with TIMs of rhodophytes. In addition, our amino acid sequence alignment and structure modeling showed that TIMs of euglenoids and rhodophytes share a unique 2-aa insertion within their loop-4 areas. Therefore, either tim convergent evolution or lateral gene transfer (more probably) might have occurred between euglenoids and rhodophytes after the divergence of euglenoids with kinetoplastids.
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.J Eukaryot Microbiol.2008 May-Jun;55(3):170-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00324.x.
Two different length cDNAs encoding triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were identified in the two trophic modes of euglenoids, the phototrophic Euglena gracilis and Euglena intermedia and the saprotrophic Astasia longa. Sequence analyses and presequence prediction indicated that the shorter cDNA encode
PMID 18460154

Tobacco plastid ribosomal protein S18 is essential for cell survival.

Rogalski M, Ruf S, Bock R.Author information Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1 D-14476, Golm, Germany.AbstractPlastid genomes contain a conserved set of genes most of which are involved in either photosynthesis or gene expression. Among the ribosomal protein genes present in higher plant plastid genomes, rps18 is special in that it is absent from the plastid genomes of several non-green unicellular organisms, including Euglena longa and Toxoplasma gondii. Here we have tested whether the ribosomal protein S18 is required for translation by deleting the rps18 gene from the tobacco plastid genome. We report that, while deletion of the rps18 gene was readily obtained, no homoplasmic Deltarps18 plants or leaf sectors could be isolated. Instead, segregation into homoplasmy led to severe defects in leaf development suggesting that the knockout of rps18 is lethal and the S18 protein is required for cell survival. Our data demonstrate that S18 is indispensable for plastid ribosome function in tobacco and support an essential role for plastid translation in plant development. Moreover, we demonstrate the occurrence of flip-flop recombination on short inverted repeat sequences which generates different isoforms of the transformed plastid genome that differ in the orientation a 70 kb segment in the large single-copy region. However, infrequent occurrence of flip-flop recombination and random segregation of plastid genomes result in the predominant presence of only one of the isoforms in many tissue samples. Implications for the interpretation of chloroplast transformation experiments and vector design are discussed.
Nucleic acids research.Nucleic Acids Res.2006;34(16):4537-45. Epub 2006 Aug 31.
Plastid genomes contain a conserved set of genes most of which are involved in either photosynthesis or gene expression. Among the ribosomal protein genes present in higher plant plastid genomes, rps18 is special in that it is absent from the plastid genomes of several non-green unicellular organism
PMID 16945948

Japanese Journal

Pigments Associated with the Flagellum of Euglena gracilis

Journal of plant research 110(1100), 421-433, 1997-12-01
NAID 10002033634

Riboflavin binding sites in flagella of Euglena gracilis and Astasia longa.

J. Photochem. Photobiol. B : Biol. 23, 135-139, 1994
NAID 10003362182

Structure and expression of a gene encoding the large subnit of riblose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) in the colourless euglenoid flagellate Astasia longa.