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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/02 20:12:34」(JST)

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A two month old male demonstrates the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex.

The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans, but normally vanishes around three months of age.

It is also known as the "fencing reflex" because of the characteristic position of the infant's arms and head, which resembles that of a classically trained fencer. When the face is turned to one side, the arm and leg on the side to which the face is turned extend and the arm and leg on the opposite side flex.

The presence of the ATNR, as well as other primitive reflexes, such as the tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR), beyond the first six months of life may indicate that the child has developmental delays, at which point the reflex is atypical or abnormal. For example, in children with cerebral palsy, the reflexes may persist and even be more pronounced. As abnormal reflexes, both the ATNR and the TLR can cause problems for the growing child. The ATNR and TLR both hinder functional activities such as rolling, bringing the hands together, or even bringing the hands to the mouth. Over time, both the ATNR and TLR can cause serious damage to the growing child's joints and bones. The ATNR can cause the spine to curve (scoliosis). Both the ATNR and TLR can cause subluxation of the femoral head or dislocation of the femoral head as it completely moves out of the hip socket. When abnormal reflexes persist in a child, early intervention involving extensive physical therapy has some evidence in being extremely beneficial.

The fencing response occurs in adults as a result of mechanical forces applied to the head, typically associated with contact sports. The Fencing Response is transient and indicates moderate forces applied to the brainstem, resulting in a traumatic brain injury.

References

Sieglinde Martin, M S , P T (2006). Teaching Motor Skills to Children with Cerebral Palsy and Similar Movement Disorders: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. ISBN 1-890627-72-0.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 新生児の神経学的検査 neurologic examination of the newborn

English Journal

Neck rotation modulates flexion synergy torques, indicating an ipsilateral reticulospinal source for impairment in stroke.

Ellis MD, Drogos J, Carmona C, Keller T, Dewald JP.SourceFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ., 645 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1100, Chicago, IL 60611. m-ellis@northwestern.edu.
Journal of neurophysiology.J Neurophysiol.2012 Dec;108(11):3096-104. doi: 10.1152/jn.01030.2011. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
The effect of reticular formation excitability on maximum voluntary torque (MVT) generation and associated muscle activation at the shoulder and elbow was investigated through natural elicitation (active head rotation) of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) in 26 individuals with stroke and 9 ag
PMID 22956793

Is infant holding-side bias related to motor asymmetries in mother and child?

Scola C, Vauclair J.SourceResearch Center in the Psychology of Cognition, Language & Emotion, University of Provence, 29 Ave. Robert Schuman, 13621 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 1, France.
Developmental psychobiology.Dev Psychobiol.2010 Jul;52(5):475-86. doi: 10.1002/dev.20450.
Studies have revealed a preference for the left hemibody in infant holding in 65-85% of cases. Several investigations have linked this preference to maternal asymmetries. The main goal of the present study was to assess manual and hemispheric asymmetries in both mother and child and delineate their
PMID 20583144

Japanese Journal

眠りとセロトニン (特集セロトニンの働きを考える)

神山潤
小児科 50(13), 2117-2126, 2009-12-00
NAID 40016931192

上肢PNF肢位と頚部回旋位との組み合わせ肢位変化がヒラメ筋H波に及ぼす影響

中丸宏二,柳澤健
日本保健科学学会誌 8(1), 46-50, 2005-06-25
固有受容性神経筋促通手技(PNF)における一部の上肢運動開始肢位は, 基本肢位に比べ下腿ヒラメ筋H波を促通し, 頚部単独の回旋位はH波の促通あるいは抑制に作用することが報告されている。上肢PNF肢位と頚部回旋位とを組み合わせた肢位を他動的に保持したときの脊髄運動ニューロンに及ぼす影響について検討した。健常男性9名の上肢および頚部を他動的に8通りの実験肢位に保持し, 基本肢位を対照肢位とし左ヒラメ筋 …
NAID 110002973413

重症心身障害児・者の移動能力と上肢機能、上肢・体幹の変形拘縮、ATNRとの関係

平沢昌子,宮崎泰
作業療法 = The Journal of Japanese Occupational Therapy Association 16, 216, 1997-05-15
NAID 10013821317

Related Pictures

ATNR is one of the most important reflexes Retained Neonatal Reflexes ATNR - Asymmetrische Tonische Nekreflex Abb. 4: ATNR ATNR asymmetrisch tonischer nackenreflex atnr atnr ATNR – Linking the Eyes to the Hands.