A胆汁
WordNet
- the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
- the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
- a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats (同)gall
PrepTutorEJDIC
- answer / ampere
- 胆汁(たんじゅう) / かんしゃく;不きげん
- arsenicの化学記号
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- FXR-dependent reduction of hepatic steatosis in a bile salt deficient mouse model.
- Kunne C1, Acco A2, Duijst S1, de Waart DR1, Paulusma CC1, Gaemers I1, Oude Elferink RP3.Author information 1Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.2Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.3Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.p.oude-elferink@amc.uva.nl.AbstractIt has been established that bile salts play a role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Accordingly, overt signs of steatosis have been observed in mice with reduced bile salt synthesis. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of hepatic steatosis in mice with bile salt deficiency due to a liver specific disruption of cytochrome P450 reductase. In this study mice lacking hepatic cytochrome P450 reductase (Hrn) or wild type (WT) mice were fed a diet supplemented with or without either 0.1% cholic acid (CA) or 0.025% obeticholic acid, a specific FXR-agonist. Feeding a CA-supplemented diet resulted in a significant decrease of plasma ALT in Hrn mice. Histologically, hepatic steatosis ameliorated after CA feeding and this was confirmed by reduced hepatic triglyceride content (115.5±7.3mg/g liver and 47.9±4.6mg/g liver in control- and CA-fed Hrn mice, respectively). The target genes of FXR-signaling were restored to normal levels in Hrn mice when fed cholic acid. VLDL secretion in both control and CA-fed Hrn mice was reduced by 25% compared to that in WT mice. In order to gain insight in the mechanism behind these bile salt effects, the FXR agonist also was administered for 3weeks. This resulted in a similar decrease in liver triglycerides, indicating that the effect seen in bile salt fed Hrn animals is FXR dependent. In conclusion, steatosis in Hrn mice is ameliorated when mice are fed bile salts. This effect is FXR dependent. Triglyceride accumulation in Hrn liver may partly involve impaired VLDL secretion.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 May;1842(5):739-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
- It has been established that bile salts play a role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Accordingly, overt signs of steatosis have been observed in mice with reduced bile salt synthesis. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of hepatic steatosis in mice with bile salt defici
- PMID 24548803
- The anti-fibrotic effects of CCN1/CYR61 in primary portal myofibroblasts are mediated through induction of reactive oxygen species resulting in cellular senescence, apoptosis and attenuated TGF-β signaling.
- Borkham-Kamphorst E1, Schaffrath C2, Van de Leur E2, Haas U2, Tihaa L2, Meurer SK2, Nevzorova YA3, Liedtke C3, Weiskirchen R4.Author information 1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany. Electronic address: ekamphorst@ukaachen.de.2Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany.3Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany.4Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany. Electronic address: rweiskirchen@ukaachen.de.AbstractCysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1/CYR61) is a CCN (CYR61, CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), and NOV (Nephroblastoma overexpressed gene)) family matricellular protein comprising six secreted CCN proteins in mammals. CCN1/CYR61 expression is associated with inflammation and injury repair. Recent studies show that CCN1/CYR61 limits fibrosis in models of cutaneous wound healing by inducing cellular senescence in myofibroblasts of the granulation tissue which thereby transforms into an extracellular matrix-degrading phenotype. We here investigate CCN1/CYR61 expression in primary profibrogenic liver cells (i.e., hepatic stellate cells and periportal myofibroblasts) and found an increase of CCN1/CYR61 expression during early activation of hepatic stellate cells that declines in fully transdifferentiated myofibroblasts. By contrast, CCN1/CYR61 levels found in primary parenchymal liver cells (i.e., hepatocytes) were relatively low compared to the levels exhibited in hepatic stellate cells and portal myofibroblasts. In models of ongoing liver fibrogenesis, elevated levels of CCN1/CYR61 were particularly noticed during early periods of insult, while expression declined during prolonged phases of fibrogenesis. We generated an adenovirus type 5 encoding CCN1/CYR61 (i.e., Ad5-CMV-CCN1/CYR61) and overexpressed CCN1/CYR61 in primary portal myofibroblasts. Interestingly, overexpressed CCN1/CYR61 significantly inhibited production of collagen type I at both mRNA and protein levels as evidenced by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. CCN1/CYR61 further induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to dose-dependent cellular senescence and apoptosis. Additionally, we demonstrate that CCN1/CYR61 attenuates TGF-β signaling by scavenging TGF-β thereby mitigating in vivo liver fibrogenesis in a bile duct ligation model. Conclusion: In line with dermal fibrosis and scar formation, CCN1/CYR61 is involved in liver injury repair and tissue remodeling. CCN1/CYR61 gene transfer into extracellular matrix-producing liver cells is therefore potentially beneficial in liver fibrotic therapy.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 May;1843(5):902-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.023. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
- Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1/CYR61) is a CCN (CYR61, CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), and NOV (Nephroblastoma overexpressed gene)) family matricellular protein comprising six secreted CCN proteins in mammals. CCN1/CYR61 expression is associated with inflammation and injury repair. Recent st
- PMID 24487063
- Human 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (3α-HSD3): The V54L mutation restricting the steroid alternative binding and enhancing the 20α-HSD activity.
- Zhang B1, Zhu DW2, Hu XJ3, Zhou M2, Shang P4, Lin SX5.Author information 1Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.2Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada.3School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.4Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.5Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproductive Health, Shanghai 200031, PR China. Electronic address: sxlin@crchul.ulaval.ca.AbstractHuman 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (3α-HSD3) has an essential role in the inactivation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Notably, human 3α-HSD3 shares 97.8% sequence identity with human 20-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) and there is only one amino acid difference (residue 54) that is located in their steroid binding pockets. However, 20α-HSD displays a distinctive ability in transforming progesterone to 20α-hydroxy-progesterone (20α-OHProg). In this study, to understand the role of residue 54 in the steroid binding and discrimination, the V54L mutation in human 3α-HSD3 has been created. We have solved two crystal structures of the 3α-HSD3·NADP(+)·Progesterone complex and the 3α-HSD3 V54L·NADP(+)·progesterone complex. Interestingly, progesterone adopts two different binding modes to form complexes within the wild type enzyme, with one binding mode similar to the orientation of a bile acid (ursodeoxycholate) in the reported ternary complex of human 3α-HSD3·NADP(+)·ursodeoxycholate and the other binding mode resembling the orientation of 20α-OHProg in the ternary complex of human 20α-HSD·NADP(+)·20α-OHProg. However, the V54L mutation directly restricts the steroid binding modes to a unique one, which resembles the orientation of 20α-OHProg within human 20α-HSD. Furthermore, the kinetic study has been carried out. The results show that the V54L mutation significantly decreases the 3α-HSD activity for the reduction of DHT, while this mutation enhances the 20α-HSD activity to convert progesterone.
- The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.2014 May;141:135-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
- Human 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (3α-HSD3) has an essential role in the inactivation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Notably, human 3α-HSD3 shares 97.8% sequence identity with human 20-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) and there is only one amino acid difference (res
- PMID 24434280
Japanese Journal
- Functions of Cholesterol Metabolites
- Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 61(Supplement), S151-S153, 2015
- NAID 130005109889
- Fucoxanthin Derivatives: Synthesis and their Chemical Properties
- Fucoxanthin Derivatives: Synthesis and their Chemical Properties
Related Links
- [最新版]A-bike City [日本特別仕様車(日本標準版)ノーマル版]コンパクト軽量折り畳み自転車が折りたたみ自転車ストアでいつでもお買い得。当日お急ぎ便対象商品は、当日お届け可能です。アマゾン配送商品は、通常配送無料(一部 ...
- 2 ( (形式))不機嫌,かんしゃく. stir [rouse] a person's bile. 人を怒らせる. B. BI. BIL. 辞書. 英和・和英辞書. 「bile」の意味.
- A bile é uma substância líquida e viscosa produzida pelo fígado e armazenada na vesícula biliar.Ela é usada durante a digestão dos alimentos como um composto enzimático que auxilia na emulsificação de gorduras. ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- A bile
- 同
- A-胆汁 A-bile
- 関
- 胆管胆汁、B胆汁
[★]
[★]
- 関
- adenoviral、adenovirus