20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

• 20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素、20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素、20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ

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20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 17:47:04」(JST)

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20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Identifiers
EC number	1.1.1.149
CAS number	9040-08-8
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, a 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(P)⁺ 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NAD(P)H + H⁺

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, NAD⁺, and NADP⁺, whereas its 4 products are 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, NADH, NADPH, and H⁺.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 20alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)⁺ 20-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 20alpha-HSD, and 20alpha-HSDH. This enzyme participates in c21-steroid hormone metabolism.

20alpha-HSD has been initially described as a progesterone metabolizing enzyme of the ovary. On a functional level, ovarian 20alpha-HSD is actively involved in the control of progesterone homeostasis in pregnancy of rats and mice. While 20alpha-HSD expression and activity is downregulated in the corpus luteum of pregnancy, 24 hrs prior to parturition ovarian 20alpha-HSD activity is acutely stimulated. Accordingly, in mice with targeted deletion of the 20alpha-HSD gene, progesterone blood concentration remain high throughout pregnancy which results in a delay of 2–4 days in parturition. Indicating that expression of 20alpha-HSD activity is mandatory for the induction of parturition through reduction of progesterone blood concentration. In mice, 20alpha-HSD is also expressed in the adrenals, kidneys, brain, thymus, T cells and bone marrow. Its induction in hematopoietic cells was used as an assay for the identification of T cell derived factor interleukin-3. In addition, the enzyme reduces and inactivates 17-deoxycorticosterone, the precursor of aldosterone and corticosterone.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1MRQ, 1Q13, and 1Q5M.

See also

• 3β(or 20α)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

References

Further reading

• Shikita M, Inano H, Tamaoki B (1967). "Further studies on 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat testes". Biochemistry. 6 (6): 1760–4. doi:10.1021/bi00858a026. PMID 4382486. 
• Strickler RC, Tobias B, Covey DF (1981). "Human placental 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Two activities at a single enzyme active site". J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1): 316–21. PMID 6935192. 
• Wiest WG, Kidwell WR, Balogh K (April 1968). "Progesterone catabolism in the rat ovary: a regulatory mechanism for progestational potency during pregnancy". Endocrinology 82 (4): 844–59. doi:10.1210/endo-82-4-844. PMID 5742200. 

• Wiest WG (December 1968). "On the function of 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one during parturition in the rat". Endocrinology 83 (6): 1181–4. doi:10.1210/endo-83-6-1181. PMID 5721991. 

• Piekorz RP, Gingras S, Hoffmeyer A, Ihle JN, Weinstein Y (February 2005). "Regulation of progesterone levels during pregnancy and parturition by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase". Mol. Endocrinol. 19 (2): 431–40. doi:10.1210/me.2004-0302. PMID 15471942. 

• Akinola LA, Poutanen M, Vihko R, Vihko P (July 1997). "Expression of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2, P450 aromatase, and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in immature, mature, and pregnant rats". Endocrinology 138 (7): 2886–92. doi:10.1210/en.138.7.2886. PMID 9202232. 

• Weinstein Y (October 1977). "20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a T lymphocyte-associated enzyme". J. Immunol. 119 (4): 1223–9. PMID 302277. 

• Weinstein Y, Lindner HR, Eckstein B (April 1977). "Thymus metabolises progesterone- possible enzymatic marker for T lymphocytes". Nature 266 (5603): 632–3. doi:10.1038/266632a0. PMID 300849. 

• Ihle JN, Keller J, Oroszlan S, Henderson LE, Copeland TD, Fitch F, Prystowsky MB, Goldwasser E, Schrader JW, Palaszynski E, Dy M, Lebel B (July 1983). "Biologic properties of homogeneous interleukin 3. I. Demonstration of WEHI-3 growth factor activity, mast cell growth factor activity, p cell-stimulating factor activity, colony-stimulating factor activity, and histamine-producing cell-stimulating factor activity". J. Immunol. 131 (1): 282–7. PMID 6190911. 

• Hershkovitz L, Beuschlein F, Klammer S, Krup M, Weinstein Y (March 2007). "Adrenal 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the mouse catabolizes progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone and is restricted to the X-zone". Endocrinology 148 (3): 976–88. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1100. PMID 17122075. 

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• PMID 27310211

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Related Links

• Buy 20alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase book by Jerold ...

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In enzymology, a 20- -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ...

• Characterization of a human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid ...

1. J Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Oct;25(2):221-8. Characterization of a human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Zhang Y, Dufort I, Rheault P, Luu-The V. Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ PCHUL and ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」「20α-水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」「20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素」「20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ」
関連記事	「hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase」「dehydrogenase」「dehydrogenases」

「20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」

　　[★]

英

20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase、20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

関

20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素、20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ、20α-水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素

「20α-水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」

　　[★]

英

20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

関

20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素、20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ、20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素

「20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素」

　　[★]

英

20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

関

20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ、20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素、20α-水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素

「20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ」

　　[★]

英

20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

関

20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素、20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素、20α-水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素

「hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase」

　　[★]

水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素、ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素、水酸化ステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ、ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ

関

HSD

「dehydrogenase」

　　[★] 脱水素酵素 デヒドロゲナーゼ

「dehydrogenases」

　　[★] 脱水素酵素 デヒドロゲナーゼ