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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 17:47:04」(JST)

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In enzymology, a 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(P)⁺ 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NAD(P)H + H⁺

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, NAD⁺, and NADP⁺, whereas its 4 products are 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, NADH, NADPH, and H⁺.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 20alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)⁺ 20-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 20alpha-HSD, and 20alpha-HSDH. This enzyme participates in c21-steroid hormone metabolism.

20alpha-HSD has been initially described as a progesterone metabolizing enzyme of the ovary. On a functional level, ovarian 20alpha-HSD is actively involved in the control of progesterone homeostasis in pregnancy of rats and mice. While 20alpha-HSD expression and activity is downregulated in the corpus luteum of pregnancy, 24 hrs prior to parturition ovarian 20alpha-HSD activity is acutely stimulated. Accordingly, in mice with targeted deletion of the 20alpha-HSD gene, progesterone blood concentration remain high throughout pregnancy which results in a delay of 2–4 days in parturition. Indicating that expression of 20alpha-HSD activity is mandatory for the induction of parturition through reduction of progesterone blood concentration. In mice, 20alpha-HSD is also expressed in the adrenals, kidneys, brain, thymus, T cells and bone marrow. Its induction in hematopoietic cells was used as an assay for the identification of T cell derived factor interleukin-3. In addition, the enzyme reduces and inactivates 17-deoxycorticosterone, the precursor of aldosterone and corticosterone.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1MRQ, 1Q13, and 1Q5M.

References

UpToDate Contents

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1. Uncommon congenital adrenal hyperplasias
2. グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
3. 乳酸脱水素酵素欠損症 lactate dehydrogenase deficiency
4. グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
5. ヘキソースリン酸側路およびグルタチオン代謝疾患（グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症を除く） disorders of the hexose monophosphate shunt and glutathione metabolism other than glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

English Journal

HPLC-ESI-MS/MS assessment of the tetrahydro-metabolites of cortisol and cortisone in bovine urine: promising markers of dexamethasone and prednisolone treatment.

Chiesa L1, Panseri S1, Pavlovic R2, Cannizzo FT3, Biolatti B3, Divari S3, Villa R4, Arioli F4.
Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess.2016 Jul;33(7):1175-89. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1202453. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
The effects of long-term administration of low doses of dexamethasone (DX) and prednisolone (PL) on the metabolism of endogenous corticosteroids were investigated in veal calves. In addition to cortisol (F) and cortisone (E), whose interconversion is regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (
PMID 27310211

Genetic engineering of Bacillus megaterium for high-yield production of the major teleost progestogens 17α,20β-di- and 17α,20β,21α-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one.

Gerber A1, Milhim M1, Hartz P1, Zapp J2, Bernhardt R3.
Metabolic engineering.Metab Eng.2016 Jul;36:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.02.010. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
17α,20β-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20βDiOH-P) and 17α,20β,21α-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20βOH-RSS) are the critical hormones required for oocyte maturation in fish. We utilized B. megaterium's endogenous 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20βHSD) for the efficient production of both p
PMID 26976492

Low Prolactin and High 20-α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Levels Contribute to Lower Progesterone Levels in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Exposed to Protease Inhibitor-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.

Papp E1, Balogun K1, Banko N1, Mohammadi H1, Loutfy M2, Yudin MH3, Shah R4, MacGillivray J4, Murphy KE5, Walmsley SL6, Silverman M7, Serghides L8.
The Journal of infectious diseases.J Infect Dis.2016 May 15;213(10):1532-40. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw004. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that pregnant women receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have lower levels of progesterone, which put them at risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight. We sought to understand the mechanisms involved in thi
PMID 26740274

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リンク元	「20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」「20α-水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」「20α-ヒドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素」「20α-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ」
関連記事	「hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase」「dehydrogenase」「dehydrogenases」

「20α水酸化ステロイド脱水素酵素」

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20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Identifiers
EC number	1.1.1.149
CAS number	9040-08-8
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins