WordNet

an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed (同)malformation, misshapenness
act of bending a joint; especially a joint between the bones of a limb so that the angle between them is decreased (同)flexure

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1. 熱傷再建の原則：四肢および所属リンパ節領域 principles of burn reconstruction extremities and regional nodal basins
2. 成人における強直性脊椎炎の診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis in adults
3. 遠位指節間関節（つち指）の伸筋腱損傷 extensor tendon injury of the distal interphalangeal joint mallet finger
4. 関節の疼痛または腫脹を有する小児の評価 evaluation of the child with joint pain or swelling
5. 手の全身性硬化症（強皮症）の患者の手術 surgery in patients with systemic sclerosis scleroderma of the hand

Derner R1, Holmes J2.
Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery.Clin Podiatr Med Surg.2016 Jan;33(1):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Sep 12.
Hallux malleus is a deformity of the great toe. There is a dorsiflexion contracture at the metatarsophalangeal joint and plantar flexion of the interphalangeal joint. The deformity is commonly attributed to muscular imbalances of the various structures acting on the great toe. Jones tendon transfer
PMID 26590724

Virk MS1, Nicholson GP2.
Clinics in sports medicine.Clin Sports Med.2016 Jan;35(1):181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2015.08.011. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
The long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) is a well-recognized cause of anterior shoulder pain. Tenotomy or tenodesis of the LHBT is an effective surgical solution for relieving pain arising from the LHBT. Cosmetic deformity of the arm, cramping or soreness in the biceps muscle, and strength deficits in
PMID 26614476

嶋脇聡,酒井直隆
日本機械学会論文集Ｃ編 78(787), 2012
… We focused on the finger deformity forms of the boutonnière and swan-neck deformity. … To clarify the formation mechanisms of these deformities, conventional studies have used cadaveric fingers whereas in this study we used the finite element method to model the mechanism of human finger flexion and extension (extensor tendons, flexor tendons, phalanges, tendon pulleys, and ligaments). …
NAID 130002051354

浜田大輔,Hamada Daisuke
四国医学雑誌 67(5-6), 203-204, 2012
… Theknee joint is a hinge joint having flexion and extension motion.The ligaments surrounding the knee joint offer stability. … The causes of osteoarthritis are excessivemotion and combination such as muscle weakness and overweight.Knee osteoarthritis treatments are aimed at decreasing pain, preserving or improving jointfunction, and limiting joint deformity and disability. …
NAID 120003836502