WordNet

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine (同)T
the 20th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)t

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(胸腺のDNAからとる)白色結晶ピリミジン　チミン
tritiumの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/19 19:49:14」(JST)

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Thymine /ˈθaɪmɨn/ (T, Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil. Thymine was first isolated (from calves' thymus glands) in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann.^[1]

Derivation

As the name suggests, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th carbon. In RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine (T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds, thus stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.

Thymine combined with deoxyribose creates the nucleoside deoxythymidine, which is synonymous with the term thymidine. Thymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two, or three phosphoric acid groups, creating, respectively, TMP, TDP, or TTP (thymidine mono-, di-, or triphosphate).

One of the common mutations of DNA involves two adjacent thymines or cytosine, which, in presence of ultraviolet light, may form thymine dimers, causing "kinks" in the DNA molecule that inhibit normal function.

Thymine could also be a target for actions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer treatment. 5-FU can be a metabolic analog of thymine (in DNA synthesis) or uracil (in RNA synthesis). Substitution of this analog inhibits DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells.

Thymine bases are frequently oxidized to hydantoins over time after the death of an organism.^[2]

Thymine is a nuclear base.

References

^ Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann (1893) "Ueber das Thymin, ein Spaltungsproduct der Nucleïnsäure" (On thymine, a cleavage product of nucleic acid), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin, 26 : 2753-2756. From p. 2754: "Wir bezeichnen diese Substanz als Thymin." (We designate this substance as "thymine" [because it was initially obtained from the thymus glands of calves].)
^ Hofreiter M., Serre D., Poinar H.N., Kuch M., and Paabo S. Nature Reviews Genetics (2001) 2:353.

External links

Thymine MS Spectrum
Infoplease Encyclopedia
Science Aid: DNA Structure and Replication

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English Journal

A distance-dependent metal-enhanced fluorescence sensing platform based on molecular beacon design.

Zhou Z, Huang H, Chen Y, Liu F, Huang CZ, Li N.SourceBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Feb 15;52:367-73. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.013. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
A new metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) based platform was developed on the basis of distance-dependent fluorescence quenching-enhancement effect, which combined the easiness of Ag-thiol chemistry with the MEF property of noble-metal structures as well as the molecular beacon design. For the given s
PMID 24080216

Mutational spectrum of Xeroderma pigmentosum group A in Egyptian patients.

Amr K, Messaoud O, El Darouti M, Abdelhak S, El-Kamah G.SourceMedical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics & Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Gene.Gene.2014 Jan 1;533(1):52-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.125. Epub 2013 Oct 14.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease characterized by hyperphotosensitivity, DNA repair defects and a predisposition to skin cancers. The most frequently occurring type worldwide is the XP group A (XPA). There is a close relationship between the clinical featur
PMID 24135642

A reusable and sensitive biosensor for total mercury in canned fish based on fluorescence polarization.

Shen T, Yue Q, Jiang X, Wang L, Xu S, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S, Liu J.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China.
Talanta.Talanta.2013 Dec 15;117:81-6. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.017. Epub 2013 Aug 30.
In this work, we developed a sensitive and selective sensor technique for total mercury (Hg) detection in canned fish samples based on the fluorescence polarization (FP) method. The detection principle was that ssDNA containing thymine (T) bases was modified on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which w
PMID 24209314

Japanese Journal

Substituent Electron Push-Pull Interaction in Intermolecular Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds : Thymine/Adenine Base Pair and Their Complexes with Carboxylic Acids

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 88(10), 1466-1478, 2015-10
NAID 40020611695

Excited-State Relaxation of Hydrated Thymine and Thymidine Measured by Liquid-Jet Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Experiment and Simulation

Journal of the American Chemical Society 137(8), 2931-2938, 2015-03-05
NAID 120005603806

Selective Transport of Mercury(II) Ions across Supported Liquid Membrane with Thymine Derivative as Carrier

Chemistry Letters 44(12), 1732-1734, 2015
NAID 130005112540

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「チミン」「T」
拡張検索	「thymine dimer」「thymine DNA glycosylase」「thymine nucleotide」
関連記事	「thymi」

「チミン」

Thymine
	IUPAC name 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
	Other names 5-methyluracil
Identifiers
CAS number	65-71-4
PubChem	1135
ChemSpider	1103
UNII	QR26YLT7LT
MeSH	Thymine
ChEBI	CHEBI:17821
ChEMBL	CHEMBL993
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES Cc1c[nH]c(=O)[nH]c1=O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H6N2O2/c1-3-2-6-5(9)7-4(3)8/h2H,1H3,(H2,6,7,8,9) ; Key: RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C5H6N2O2/c1-3-2-6-5(9)7-4(3)8/h2H,1H3,(H2,6,7,8,9); Key: RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYAL ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C5H6N2O2
Molar mass	126.11 g mol−1
Density	1.23 g cm−3 (calculated)
Melting point	316 to 317 °C (601 to 603 °F; 589 to 590 K)
Boiling point	335 °C (635 °F; 608 K) (decomposes)
Acidity (pKa)	9.7
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: thymine Thy
同: 5-メチルウラシル 5-methyluracil
関: ピリミジン、塩基、核酸

塩基の一種
ピリミジン塩基

派生化合物 FB.29

		プリン塩基		ピリミジン塩基
塩基		アデニン	グアニン	シトシン	チミン	ウラシル
		Ade	Gua	Cyt	Thy	Ura
		A	G	C	T	U
ヌクレオシド		アデノシン	グアノシン	シチジン	デオキシチミジン	ウリジン
		Ado	Guo	Cyd	dThd	Urd
		A	G	C	dT	U
ヌクレオチド		アデニル酸	グアニル酸	シチジル酸	デオキシチミジル酸	ウリジル酸
		アデノシン一リン酸	グアノシン一リン酸	シチジン一リン酸	デオキシチミジン一リン酸	ウリジン一リン酸
	for DNA	dAMP	dGMP	dCMP	dTMP
	for RNA	AMP	GMP	CMP		UMP