WordNet

give a structure to; "I need to structure my days"
a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons" (同)construction
the manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts; "artists must study the structure of the human body"; "the structure of the benzene molecule"
a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing; "he has good bone structure" (同)anatomical structure, complex body part, bodily structure, body structure
the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"
the management of someone or something; "the handling of prisoners"; "the treatment of water sewage"; "the right to equal treatment in the criminal justice system" (同)handling
care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) (同)intervention
a manner of dealing with something artistically; "his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture"
some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity; "the telephone is an annoying interruption"; "there was a break in the action when a player was hurt" (同)break
having definite and highly organized structure; "a structured environment"

PrepTutorEJDIC

{C}(建物・橋などの)建造物 / {U}(…の)構造,誠成,組織《+of~名》 / {C}構造(構成)体,組織体 / 〈思想など〉‘を'組み立てる,組織化する
〈U〉(人・物の)『取り扱い』,扱い方《+of+名》 / 〈U〉治療;〈C〉(…に対する)治療法《+for+名》
〈U〉〈C〉(…の)じゃま,妨害,中断《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉妨害する物;さえぎる物

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/04 16:59:04」(JST)

wiki en

A drug holiday (sometimes also called a drug vacation, medication vacation, structured treatment interruption or strategic treatment interruption) is when a patient stops taking a medication(s) for a period of time; anywhere from a few days to many months or even years if they feel it is in their best interests.

Planned drug holidays are used in numerous fields of medicine. They are perhaps best known in HIV therapy, after a study showed that stopping medication may stimulate the immune system to attack the virus.^[1]

As a treatment for HIV

HIV selectively targets activated helper T-cells. Thus, over time, this means that HIV will tend to selectively destroy those helper T-cells most capable of fighting the HIV infection off, effectively desensitizing the immune system to the infection. The purpose of a structured treatment interruption is to create a short interval in which the virus becomes common enough to stimulate reproduction of T-cells capable of fighting the virus.

A 2006 HIV literature review noted that "two studies suggested that so-called drug holidays were of no benefit and might actually harm patients, while a third study suggested that the idea might still have value and should be revisited."^[2]

Other uses

Another reason for drug holidays is to permit a drug to regain effectiveness after a period of continuous use, and to reduce the tolerance effect that may require increased dosages.

In addition to drug holidays that are intended for therapeutic effect, they are sometimes used to reduce drug side effects so that patients may enjoy a more normal life for a period of time such as a weekend or holiday, or engage in a particular activity. For example, it is common for patients using SSRI anti-depressant therapies to take a drug holiday to reduce or avoid side effects associated with sexual dysfunction.^[3]

In the treatment of mental illness, a drug holiday may be part of a progression toward treatment cessation. The idea of a holiday is an acknowledgement that longer term psychoactive drug formulations may represent risks not apparent in early phases of use. The holiday is also a tool to assess a drug's benefits against unwanted side effects, assuming that both will dissipate after an extended vacation.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Feig, Christy (2000-01-21). "AIDS virus stays in check during drug holiday, research shows". CNN. Retrieved 2006-08-31.
^ Smith, Michael (2006-12-27). "The Year in HIV/AIDS". MedPage Today. Retrieved 2006-12-29.
^ Rothschild, A.J. (October 1995). "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction: efficacy of a drug holiday". American Journal of Psychiatry 152 (10): 1514–6. PMID 7573593.

UpToDate Contents

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1. HIV感染の血液学的症状：血小板減少症と凝固異常 hematologic manifestations of hiv infection thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities
2. HIV-1感染の免疫学 immunology of hiv 1 infection
3. HIV感染患者における心血管疾患の疫学および危険因子 epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in hiv infected patients
4. HIV感染患者における心血管疾患の病因およびバイオマーカー pathogenesis and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in hiv infected patients
5. 高齢者におけるHIV感染 hiv infection in older adults

English Journal

Improving paediatric and neonatal care in rural district hospitals in the highlands of Papua New Guinea: a quality improvement approach.

Sa'avu M, Duke T, Matai S.
Paediatrics and international child health.Paediatr Int Child Health.2014 May;34(2):75-83. doi: 10.1179/2046905513Y.0000000081. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Background: In developing countries such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), district hospitals play a vital role in clinical care, training health-care workers, implementing immunization and other public health programmes and providing necessary data on disease burdens and outcomes. Pneumonia and neonatal c
PMID 24621233

HIV-1 coreceptor switch during 2 years of structured treatment interruptions.

Baroncelli S1, Galluzzo CM, Andreotti M, Pirillo MF, Fragola V, Weimer LE, Giuliano M, Vella S, Palmisano L.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2013 Dec;32(12):1565-70. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1911-z. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tropism of uncontrolled virus exposure during 2 years of intermittent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Pulsed Antiretroviral Therapy (ISS-PART) randomize
PMID 24213914