WordNet

relating to or being the keynote of a major or minor scale; "tonic harmony"
a medicine that strengthens and invigorates (同)restorative
(music) the first note of a diatonic scale (同)keynote
lime- or lemon-flavored carbonated water containing quinine (同)tonic_water, quinine water
used of syllables; "a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word" (同)accented
employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words; "Chinese is a tonal language" (同)tonal
of or relating to or producing normal tone or tonus in muscles or tissue; "a tonic reflex"; "tonic muscle contraction"
kiss, embrace, or fondle with sexual passion; "The couple were necking in the back seat of the car" (同)make_out
an opening in a garment for the neck of the wearer; a part of the garment near the wearers neck (同)neck opening
a narrow part of an artifact that resembles a neck in position or form; "the banjo had a long neck"; "the bottle had a wide neck"
the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body; "he admired her long graceful neck"; "the horse won by a neck" (同)cervix
a cut of meat from the neck of an animal
a narrow elongated projecting strip of land
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
having a neck or having a neck especially as specified (often used in combination)

PrepTutorEJDIC

強壮剤;養毛剤,ヘアトニック / (精神的に)元気付けるもの / =tonic water / 主音(音階の中心となる第1音) / 強壮にする,元気付ける / 音調の / (音楽で)主音の
〈C〉(人間・動物の)『首』;首の骨 / 〈C〉(衣服の)えり / 〈C〉首の形をした物 / 〈U〉〈C〉(食品としての)(羊などの)頚肉(けいにく) / キスして愛撫(あいぶ)し合う
反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
(重量単位の)『トン』 / (容積単位の)トン(物によって異なり,木材では40立方フィート,小麦では20立方フィート) / 《話》大量(の…),多数(の…)《+of+名》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/15 00:44:13」(JST)

wiki en

The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans, but normally vanishes around six months of age.

It is also known as the "fencing reflex" because of the characteristic position of the infant's arms and head, which resembles that of a classically trained fencer. When the face is turned to one side, the arm and leg on the side to which the face is turned extend and the arm and leg on the opposite side flex.

The presence of the ATNR, as well as other primitive reflexes, such as the tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR), beyond the first months of life may indicate that the child has developmental delays, at which point the reflex is atypical or abnormal. For example, in children with cerebral palsy, the reflexes may persist and even be more pronounced. As abnormal reflexes, both the ATNR and the TLR can cause problems for the growing child. The ATNR and TLR both hinder functional activities such as rolling, bringing the hands together, or even bringing the hands to the mouth. Over time, both the ATNR and TLR can cause serious damage to the growing child's joints and bones. The ATNR can cause the spine to curve (scoliosis). Both the ATNR and TLR can cause the head of the thighbone to partially slip out (subluxation) or completely move out of the hip socket (dislocation). When abnormal reflexes persist in a child, early intervention involving extensive occupational therapy can be beneficial.

The fencing response occurs in adults as a result of mechanical forces applied to the head, typically associated with contact sports. The Fencing Response is transient and indicates moderate forces applied to the brainstem, resulting in a traumatic brain injury.

References[edit]

Sieglinde Martin, M S , P T (2006). Teaching Motor Skills to Children with Cerebral Palsy and Similar Movement Disorders: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. ISBN 1-890627-72-0.

Also children turn their head to one side, then extend their arms and legs on that side. The arms and legs on the other side bend in line with the head.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 点頭てんかんの臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of infantile spasms
2. 新生児の神経学的検査 neurological examination of the newborn
3. 小児における項部硬直の評価 evaluation of neck stiffness in children
4. 鼻腔の腫瘍 tumors of the nasal cavity
5. 粘膜悪性黒色腫 mucosal melanoma

English Journal

Corticosterone microinjected into nucleus pontis oralis increases tonic immobility in rats.

Sandoval-Herrera V, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Miranda-Páez A, De La Cruz F, Zamudio SR.SourceDepartamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340, México D. F., Mexico. chenzo60@yahoo.com.mx
Hormones and behavior.Horm Behav.2011 Sep;60(4):448-56. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
Tonic immobility (TI) is also known as "immobility response", "immobility reflex", "animal hypnosis", etc. It is an innate antipredatory behavior characterized by an absence of movement, varying degrees of muscular activity, and a relative unresponsiveness to external stimuli. Experimentally, TI is
PMID 21820440

Assessment of specific characteristics of abnormal general movements: does it enhance the prediction of cerebral palsy?

Hamer EG, Bos AF, Hadders-Algra M.SourceDivision of Developmental Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Developmental medicine and child neurology.Dev Med Child Neurol.2011 Aug;53(8):751-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04007.x. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
AIM: Abnormal general movements at around 3 months corrected age indicate a high risk of cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed to determine whether specific movement characteristics can improve the predictive power of definitely abnormal general movements.METHOD: Video recordings of 46 infants with definite
PMID 21711457

Japanese Journal

幼児・児童における姿勢反射の発達心理学的研究--非対称性緊張性頚反射に焦点をあてて

木舩憲幸
広島大学大学院教育学研究科附属特別支援教育実践センター研究紀要 (8), 5-8, 2010-03
NAID 40017004615

スポーツと平衡機能(三半規管・耳石器の関与)

加我君孝,中村雅子
日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 = The journal of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine 17(2), 197-205, 2009-04-30
NAID 10025220836

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「原始反射」「緊張性頚反射」
拡張検索	「asymmetrical tonic neck reflex」「symmetrical tonic neck reflex」
関連記事	「tonic」「neck」「reflex」

「原始反射」

　　[★]

英: primitive reflex
関: 反射

新生児期にみられ、中枢神経系の発達と共にやがて消失する反射
中枢神経系の発達の指標となる
原始反射の欠如は中枢神経系の障害を示す。
左右非対称性な原始反射は末梢性運動神経障害を示す。
原始反射消失の遅延は中枢性の運動神経の発達障害を意味する。

原始反射　(出典不明)

中枢	消失時期	反射
脊髄	～生後3ヶ月		magnet reflex
		歩行反射	stepping reflex
		把握反射	grasping reflex
		非対称性緊張性頚部反射	asymmetrical tonic neck reflex	背臥位にした新生児の頭を一方に向けると、顔の向いた方の上下肢は伸展し、後頭側の上下肢は屈曲する
脊髄-橋	～生後6ヶ月	モロー反射	Moro reflex	頭を持ち上げて急に落とす動作をした時に両上肢を開き、側方から正中方向に抱きつくような動き
		口唇探索反射	rooting reflex
		緊張性頚反射	tonic neck reflex	腹位水平抱きまたは座位で頚を背屈すると上肢が伸展、背筋が緊張し、頚を前屈すると上肢が屈曲し、体幹のトーヌスが減弱する
中脳	生後6ヶ月～5歳	立ち直り反射	righting reflex
		頚立ち直り反射
		体幹立ち直り反射
		視性立ち直り反射
大脳皮質中脳	生後8ヶ月～終生	パラシュート反射		水平位にして、突然頭を下げると腕が伸びて身体を支えようとすること。

反射の消長

反射		出現	消失
モロー反射	Moro reflex	生来	3～4
口唇探索反射	rooting reflex	生来	4～7
吸啜反射	sucking reflex	生来	4～7
手指把握反射	palmar grasp reflex	生来	6
足底反射	plantar grasp reflex	生来	10
バビンスキー反射	Babinski reflex	生来	24
緊張性頚反射	tonic neck reflex	2	6
Landau反射	Landau reflex	3	24
パラシュート反射		9	一生