WordNet

bring disorder to (同)disarray
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" (同)upset
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
have or establish a relationship to; "She relates well to her peers"
be in a relationship with; "How are these two observations related?" (同)interrelate
give an account of; "The witness related the events"
material of a particular kind or constitution; "the immune response recognizes invading substances"
a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties; "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man"
the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists; "DNA is the substance of our genes"
connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage
being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics ; "painting and the related arts"; "school-related activities"; "related to micelle formation is the...ability of detergent actives to congregate at oil-water interfaces" (同)related to
not arranged in order (同)unordered

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『無秩序』,混乱,乱雑(confusion) / 《しばしば複数形で》(社会的・政治的な)粉争,騒動 / 〈C〉(肉体的・精神的な)不調,異常,障害 / …‘の'秩序を乱す / 〈心身〉‘に'異常を起こさせる
(…に)〈事件・事情など〉‘を'『物語る』《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (…と)…‘を'『関係させる』,結びつける《+『名』+『to(with)』+『名』》 / 〈物・事が〉(…に)関係がある,かかわる《+『to(with)』+『名(wh・節・句)』》 / (…に)〈人が〉なじむ,順応する《+『to』+『名』》
〈U〉『物質』,物 / 〈U〉《the~》(…の)『趣旨』,本音《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(スープなどの)濃さ,こく,中身[の詰まっていること] / 〈U〉『実質』,実 / 〈U〉《古》財産,資産
関係のある

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/09 12:58:04」(JST)

wiki en

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. The drugs used are often associated with levels of intoxication that alter judgment, perception, attention and physical control, not related with medical or therapeutic effects. It is often thought that the main abused substances are illegal drugs and alcohol; however it is becoming more common that prescription drugs and tobacco are a prevalent problem.^[1]

Substance-related disorders, including both substance dependence and substance abuse, can lead to large societal problems. It is found to be greatest in individuals ages 18–25, with a higher likelihood occurring in men compared to women, and urban residents compared to rural residents. On average, general medical facilities hold 20% of patients with substance-related disorders, possibly leading to psychiatric disorders later on. Over 50% of individuals with substance-related disorders will often have a "dual diagnosis," where they are diagnosed with the substance abuse, as well as a psychiatric diagnosis, the most common being major depression, personality disorder, anxiety disorders, and dysthymia.^[2]

Signs and symptoms

Common symptoms include:

Sudden changes in behaviour – may engage in secretive or suspicious behaviour
Mood changes – anger towards others, paranoia and little care shown about themselves or their future
Problems with work or school – lack of attendance
Changes in eating and sleeping habits
Changes in friendship groups and poor family relationships
A sudden unexplained change in financial needs – leading to borrowing/stealing money

There are many more symptoms such as physical and psychological changes, though this is often dependent on which drug is being abused. It is, however, common that abusers will experience unpleasant withdrawal symptoms if the drug is taken away from them.^[3]^[4]

It is also reported that others have strong cravings even after they have not used the drug for a long period of time. This is called being "clean". To determine how the brain triggers these cravings, multiple tests have been done on mice.^[5] It is also now thought that these cravings can be explained by substance-related disorders as a subcategory of personality disorders as classified by the DSM-5.^[6]

Classification and terminology

Substance-related disorders were originally subcategorized into "substance use disorders" (SUD) and "substance-induced disorders" (SID).^[7]^[8] Though DSM-IV makes a firm distinction between the two, SIDs often occur in the context of SUDs.^[9]

Substance-induced disorders

Substance-induced disorders include medical conditions that can be directly attributed to the use of a substance.^[10] These conditions include intoxication, withdrawal, substance-induced delirium, substance-induced psychosis, and substance-induced mood disorders.^[11]

Substance use disorders

Substance use disorders include substance abuse and substance dependence.^[12] In DSM-IV, the conditions are formally diagnosed as one or the other, but it has been proposed that DSM-V combine the two into a single condition called "Substance-use disorder".^[13]

Changes in Classification

The more recently published DSM-5 combined substance abuse and substance dependence into a single continuum; this is simply known as substance use disorder and requires more presenting symptoms before a diagnosis is made. It also considers each different substance as its own separate disorder, based upon the same basic criteria. It also distinguishes the difference between dependence and addictions as two separate disorders, not to be confused.^[14]

Potential Complications

There are many potential complications that can arise due to substance abuse such as severe physiological damage, psychological changes and social changes that are often not desirable.

Physiological damage is often the most obvious, observed as an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism: For instance, there are several known alcohol-induced diseases (e.g. alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic cardiomyopathy.) Substance abuse is also often associated with premature ageing, fertility complications, brain damage and a higher risk of infectious diseases due to a weakened immune system.^[15]^[16]

Long term abuse has been linked to personality changes such as depression, paranoia, anxiety which can be related to psychological disorders. It is often reported that substance abuse coincides with personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder. It has also now been linked to severe brain damage leading to an inability to control behaviours, which could explain why many people who abuse substances go on to develop addictions.^[17]^[18]^[19]

Substance abuse is often regarded as negative in society and therefore those who engage in such behaviours can often be subject to social discrimination. The use of many drugs can lead to criminal convictions, whether the drug itself is illegal or abusers use unlawful methods to fund their substances. It is also more likely that someone will partake in criminal or anti-social behaviour when they are under the influence of a drug.^[20]

References

^ "Substance Abuse and Addiction Health Center". 2014-04-22.
^ Leikin, J.B. (2007). "Substance-Related Disorders in Adults". Disease-a-month. 53 (6): 313–335. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.04.001.
^ "Drug Abuse and Dependence Sypmtoms". Retrieved April 17, 2015.
^ "Drug Abuse and Addiction". Retrieved April 17, 2015.
^ Aldhous, Peter (4/9/2008). "'Drug binge' mice reveal why cravings linger". Newscientist. Retrieved 10/82011. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help)
^ American Psychiatric Publishing (2013). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed. )".
^ "substance-related disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Marc Galanter; Herbert D. Kleber (2008). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-58562-276-4. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
^ Michael B. First; Allen Frances; Harold Alan Pincus (2004). DSM-IV-TR guidebook. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-1-58562-068-5. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
^ "Substance-induced disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Roderick Shaner (1 April 2000). Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-683-30766-5. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
^ "Substance use disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ "Proposed Revision | APA DSM-5". Retrieved 2010-04-23.
^ American Psychiatric Publishing (2013). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed. )" (PDF).
^ Baignet, Michael. "Physical complications of substance abuse: what psychiatrists need to know". current opinion in psychiatry. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
^ "Drug Addictions: complications". Retrieved April 17, 2015.
^ "Drug Abuse and Dependence Symptoms". Retrieved April 17, 2015.
^ Trull; Sher; Minks Brown; Durbin; Burr (2000). "Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder: A review and integration". Clinical Psychology Review. 20 (2): 235–253. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00028-8. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jentsch, j.d.; Taylor, J. R. (1999). "impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behaviour by reward related stimuli". psychopharmacology. 146 (4): 373–390. doi:10.1007/pl00005483. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ "Drug Abuse and Dependence Sypmtoms". 12/3/2014. Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

Substance-related disorder at DMOZ
National Institute on Drug Abuse: "NIDA for Teens: Brain and Addiction".

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 青年の物質使用障害：疫学、発症機序、臨床症状、経過、評価、診断 substance use disorder in adolescents epidemiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations course assessment and diagnosis
2. 物質使用障害の臨床評価 clinical assessment of substance use disorders
3. 物質使用障害および不安関連障害を併発した成人の治療 treatment of co occurring substance use disorder and anxiety related disorders in adults
4. 成人における物質使用障害および不安関連障害の併発：疫学、病因、臨床症状、経過、評価および診断 co occurring substance use disorder and anxiety related disorders in adults epidemiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations course assessment and diagnosis
5. Approach to treating panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults

English Journal

Reward-system effect (BAS rating), left hemispheric "unbalance" (alpha band oscillations) and decisional impairments in drug addiction.

Balconi M1, Finocchiaro R2, Canavesio Y2.Author information 1Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: michela.balconi@unicatt.it.2Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.AbstractThe current research explored the impact of cortical frontal asymmetry (left-lateralization effect) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) on Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in decisional processes using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Forty SUD participants and forty-two controls (CG) were tested using the IGT. Behavioral responses (gain/loss options), BIS/BAS scores and lateralized alpha band modulation (LTA) were considered. The SUD group increased the tendency to opt in favor of the immediate reward (loss strategy) more than the long-term option (win strategy) compared to the CG. Secondly, higher reward-subscale scores were observed in SUD. Thirdly, SUD showed an increase in left-hemisphere activation in response to losing (with immediate reward) choices in comparison with the CG. An imbalanced left hemispheric effect related to higher BAS trait could explain this "reward bias," because these components were found to explain (through the regression analysis) the main behavioral deficits.
Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2014 Jun;39(6):1026-32. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
The current research explored the impact of cortical frontal asymmetry (left-lateralization effect) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) on Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in decisional processes using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Forty SUD participants and forty-two controls (CG) were tested using
PMID 24629323

Early life stress and tumor necrosis factor superfamily in crack cocaine withdrawal.

Levandowski ML1, Viola TW2, Wearick-Silva LE2, Wieck A3, Tractenberg SG1, Brietzke E4, Bauer ME2, Teixeira AL5, Grassi-Oliveira R6.Author information 1Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.2Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.3Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.4Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Machado Bittencourt, 222, Sao Paulo, SP 04044-000, Brazil.5Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil.6Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 11 Sala 936, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690/2° floor, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil. Electronic address: rodrigo.grassi@pucrs.br.AbstractBACKGROUND: Both early life stress (ELS) and substance abuse, especially cocaine, have robust effects on the inflammatory system. Considering the role of the tumor necrosis factor system in inflammatory signaling and its association with ELS, the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of TNF-alpha, its soluble receptors and ligands during early abstinence of crack cocaine.
Journal of psychiatric research.J Psychiatr Res.2014 Jun;53:180-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Mar 2.
BACKGROUND: Both early life stress (ELS) and substance abuse, especially cocaine, have robust effects on the inflammatory system. Considering the role of the tumor necrosis factor system in inflammatory signaling and its association with ELS, the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of TNF-
PMID 24631195

Anxiety, depression, impulsivity and substance misuse in violent and non-violent adolescent boys in detention in China.

Zhou J1, Witt K2, Zhang Y3, Chen C3, Qiu C4, Cao L5, Wang X6.Author information 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.2University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.3Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.4Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.5Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou 510370, China.6Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. Electronic address: xyjw6@aliyun.com.AbstractThe present investigation aims to identify the factors which differentiate violent from non-violent juvenile offenders, with a particular emphasis on the association between internalizing psychiatric morbidity (i.e. anxiety and depression), impulsivity, substance misuse, and violence. A total of 323 incarcerated male juvenile offenders from one of three Youth Detention Centers (YDCs) in China were recruited between August 2007 and November 2008. Interviews were conducted by trained psychiatrists using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) to assess impulsivity, anxiety and depression, respectively. The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) was also used to assess psychiatric diagnoses. Violent offenders had significantly higher BIS-11 total scores, and attention and nonplanning subscale scores (p<0.05). In the multiple logistic regression model, substance use disorders (SUD) and BIS-11 total scores independently predicted violence. Prison-based treatment services designed to reduce impulsivity and substance misuse in juvenile detention facilities should be prioritized.
Psychiatry research.Psychiatry Res.2014 May 30;216(3):379-84. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.024. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
The present investigation aims to identify the factors which differentiate violent from non-violent juvenile offenders, with a particular emphasis on the association between internalizing psychiatric morbidity (i.e. anxiety and depression), impulsivity, substance misuse, and violence. A total of 323
PMID 24612970

Japanese Journal

物質関連障害 (特集 DSM-5で良くなったこと,悪くなったこと)

松本俊彦
精神科 26(1), 83-86, 2015-01
NAID 40020330271

薬物依存と動機づけ面接 (特集薬物依存症の治療と支援)

原井宏明
精神科 20(3), 268-274, 2012-03
NAID 40019208056

HIV/AIDSにおける精神障害

中西幸子,赤穂理絵
総合病院精神医学 23(1), 35-41, 2011
ヒト免疫不全ウイルス（human immunodeficiency virus，以下HIV）の発見・分離から28年，HIV感染症の治療は大きく進歩した。なかでも，多剤併用療法を基本とした強力な抗レトロウイルス療法（highly active antiretroviral therapy：HAART）の確立により予後は大幅に改善した。それに伴い，精神科領域でもHIV脳症の軽症化や薬剤性精神障害の多様 …
NAID 130004697740

Related Pictures

PPT - Substance Related Disorders & Dual Diagnosis PowerPoint Presentation - ID:239726 Substance Use Disorder - Healing Properties - Addiction Treatment Abnormal Psychology - Substance-Related Disorders PPT - Substance-Related Disorders “ Addictions and related disorders” DSM-V Substance Related Disorder.ppt PPT - Substance Related Disorders & Dual Diagnosis PowerPoint Presentation - ID:239726

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「drug usage」「drug habituation」「物質関連障害」
関連記事	「disorder」「relate」「substance」

「drug usage」

Substance-related disorder
Classification and external resources
Specialty	psychiatry
ICD-10	F10-F19
ICD-9-CM	291-292; 303–305
MeSH	D019966
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

薬物使用

関: drug abuse、drug addiction、drug dependence、drug habituation、drug use disorder、glue sniffing、substance abuse、substance dependence、substance use disorder、substance-related disorder

「drug habituation」

　　[★]

薬物嗜癖

関: drug abuse、drug addiction、drug dependence、drug usage、drug use disorder、glue sniffing、substance abuse、substance dependence、substance use disorder、substance-related disorder

「物質関連障害」

　　[★]

英: substance-related disorder

「disorder」

　　[★]

障害：個人的苦痛や機能の障害があるので「疾病」とは言えるものの、その背景にある臓器障害がもう一つはっきりしない場合に用いられる。(PSY.9)

n.

an untidy state; a lack of order or organization (⇔order)
violent behaviour of large groups of people
an illness that cause a part of the body to stop functioning correctly

注意

disease <> illness <> disorder

vt.

乱す、乱雑にする。(人)の(心身の)調子を狂わせる。

vi.

「relate」

　　[★]

v.

関連する、関係する

関: associate、association、attach、bearing、concern、connect、connection、correlate、correlation、germane、implicate、implication、interplay、link、pertain、pertinent、referable、reference、relation、relationship、relative、relevance、relevant、respect

「substance」

　　[★]

n.

物質、サブスタンス、実体

関: entity、material、matter

[1] "Substance Abuse and Addiction Health Center". 2014-04-22.

[2] Leikin, J.B. (2007). "Substance-Related Disorders in Adults". Disease-a-month. 53 (6): 313–335. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.04.001.

[3] "Drug Abuse and Dependence Sypmtoms". Retrieved April 17, 2015.

[4] "Drug Abuse and Addiction". Retrieved April 17, 2015.

[5] Aldhous, Peter (4/9/2008). "'Drug binge' mice reveal why cravings linger". Newscientist. Retrieved 10/82011. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date= (help)

[6] American Psychiatric Publishing (2013). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed. )".

[7] "substance-related disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[GalanterKleber2008-8] Marc Galanter; Herbert D. Kleber (2008). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-58562-276-4. Retrieved 23 April 2010.

[FirstFrances2004-9] Michael B. First; Allen Frances; Harold Alan Pincus (2004). DSM-IV-TR guidebook. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-1-58562-068-5. Retrieved 23 April 2010.

[10] "Substance-induced disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[Shaner2000-11] Roderick Shaner (1 April 2000). Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-683-30766-5. Retrieved 23 April 2010.

[12] "Substance use disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[urlProposed_Revision_.7C_APA_DSM-5-13] "Proposed Revision | APA DSM-5". Retrieved 2010-04-23.

[14] American Psychiatric Publishing (2013). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed. )" (PDF).

[15] Baignet, Michael. "Physical complications of substance abuse: what psychiatrists need to know". current opinion in psychiatry. Retrieved April 17, 2015.

[16] "Drug Addictions: complications". Retrieved April 17, 2015.

[17] "Drug Abuse and Dependence Symptoms". Retrieved April 17, 2015.

[18] Trull; Sher; Minks Brown; Durbin; Burr (2000). "Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder: A review and integration". Clinical Psychology Review. 20 (2): 235–253. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00028-8. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[19] Jentsch, j.d.; Taylor, J. R. (1999). "impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behaviour by reward related stimuli". psychopharmacology. 146 (4): 373–390. doi:10.1007/pl00005483. |access-date= requires |url= (help)

[20] "Drug Abuse and Dependence Sypmtoms". 12/3/2014. Check date values in: |date= (help)

v t e Abuse

Types	Anti-social behaviour Bullying Child abuse (neglect, sexual) Cruelty to animals Domestic abuse Elder abuse Gaslighting Harassment Humiliation Incivility Institutional abuse Intimidation Neglect Persecution Professional abuse Proxy abuse Psychological abuse Physical abuse Religious abuse Sexual abuse Stalking Structural abuse Verbal abuse more...

Related topics	Child grooming Complex post-traumatic stress disorder Dehumanization Denial Destabilisation Exaggeration Isolation Lying Manipulation Minimisation Personality disorders Power and control in abusive relationships Psychological projection Psychological trauma Psychopathy Rationalization Traumatic bonding Victim blaming Victim playing Victimisation

匿名

検索

案内

案内

substance-related disorder