リアーゼ
WordNet
- any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/21 15:02:56」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an "elimination" reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a "substitution" reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a "Michael addition”). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:
- ATP → cAMP + PPi
Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Contents
- 1 Nomenclature
- 2 Classification
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Nomenclature
Systematic names are formed as "substrate group-lyase." Common names include decarboxylase, dehydratase, aldolase, etc. When the product is more important, synthase may be used in the name, e.g. phosphosulfolactate synthase (EC 4.4.1.19, Michael addition of sulfite to phosphoenolpyruvate). A combination of both an elimination and a Michael addition is seen in O-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase (MetY or MetZ) which catalyses first the γ-elimination of O-succinylhomoserine (with succinate as a leaving group) and then the addition of sulfide to the vinyl intermediate, this reaction was first classified as a lyase (EC 4.2.99.9), but was then reclassified as a transferase (EC 2.5.1.48).
Classification
Lyases are classified as EC 4 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Lyases can be further classified into seven subclasses:
- EC 4.1 includes lyases that cleave carbon-carbon bonds, such as decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1), aldehyde lyases (EC 4.1.2), oxo acid lyases(EC 4.1.3) and others (EC 4.1.99)
- EC 4.2 includes lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds, such as dehydratases
- EC 4.3 includes lyases that cleave carbon-nitrogen bonds
- EC 4.4 includes lyases that cleave carbon-sulfur bonds
- EC 4.5 includes lyases that cleave carbon-halide bonds
- EC 4.6 includes lyases that cleave phosphorus-oxygen bonds, such as adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase
- EC 4.99 includes other lyases, such as ferrochelatase
See also
- List of EC numbers of enzymes belonging to category EC 4
References
- EC 4 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London
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Proteins: enzymes
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| Activity |
- Active site
- Binding site
- Catalytic triad
- Oxyanion hole
- Enzyme promiscuity
- Catalytically perfect enzyme
- Coenzyme
- Cofactor
- Enzyme catalysis
- Enzyme kinetics
- Lineweaver–Burk plot
- Michaelis–Menten kinetics
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| Regulation |
- Allosteric regulation
- Cooperativity
- Enzyme inhibitor
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| Classification |
- EC number
- Enzyme superfamily
- Enzyme family
- List of enzymes
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| Types |
- EC1 Oxidoreductases(list)
- EC2 Transferases(list)
- EC3 Hydrolases(list)
- EC4 Lyases(list)
- EC5 Isomerases(list)
- EC6 Ligases(list)
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)
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| 4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases |
- Acetoacetate decarboxylase
- Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
- Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
- Glutamate decarboxylase
- Histidine decarboxylase
- Lysine decarboxylase
- Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
- Ornithine decarboxylase
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
- Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase
- Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase
- Pyruvate decarboxylase
- RuBisCO
- Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase
- Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
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| 4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases |
- Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
- Aldolase A
- Aldolase B
- Aldolase C
- 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
- Threonine aldolase
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| 4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases |
- Isocitrate lyase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
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| 4.1.99: Other |
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Carbon-oxygen lyases (EC 4.2) (primarily dehydratases)
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| 4.2.1: Hydro-Lyases |
- Carbonic anhydrase
- Fumarase
- Aconitase
- Enolase
- Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase
- Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase
- Tryptophan synthase
- Cystathionine beta synthase
- Porphobilinogen synthase
- 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase
- Urocanase
- Uroporphyrinogen III synthase
- Nitrile hydratase
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| 4.2.2: Acting on polysaccharides |
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| 4.2.3: Acting on phosphates |
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| 4.2.99: Other |
- Carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC 4.3)
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| 4.3.1: ammonia-lyases |
- Histidine ammonia-lyase
- Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase
- Serine dehydratase
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| 4.3.2: amidine-lyases |
- Argininosuccinate lyase
- Adenylosuccinate lyase
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Carbon-sulfur lyases (EC 4.4)
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| 4.4.1 |
- Cystathionine gamma-lyase
- Cystathionine beta-lyase
- Leukotriene C4 synthase
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Carbon-halide lyases (EC 4.5)
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| 4.5.1 |
- Dichloromethane dehalogenase
- Halohydrin dehalogenase
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Phosphorus-oxygen lyases (EC 4.6)
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| 4.6.1 |
Adenylate cyclase
(4.6.1.1) |
| intracellular |
- ADCY1
- ADCY2
- ADCY3
- ADCY4
- ADCY5
- ADCY6
- ADCY7
- ADCY8
- ADCY9
- ADCY10
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| extracellular |
- Extracellular adenylate cyclase
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Guanylate cyclase
(4.6.1.2) |
| soluble guanylyl cyclase |
- GUCY1A2
- GUCY1A3
- GUCY1B2
- GUCY1B3
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| guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor |
- GUCY2C
- GUCY2D
- ANP (NPR1
- NPR2)
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| Other |
- Cytidylate cyclase
- 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase
- Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase
- FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing)
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- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The effect of temperature on phenolic content in wounded carrots.
- Han C1, Li J1, Jin P1, Li X1, Wang L2, Zheng Y3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Jan 15;215:116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.172. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play important roles in biosynthesis of phenolic antioxidants in wounded carrots. This study has gone further to understand the effects of storage temperature on phenolics accumulation in wounded carrots. The results indicated that both increased woun
- PMID 27542457
- Effects of clove essential oil and eugenol on quality and browning control of fresh-cut lettuce.
- Chen X1, Ren L2, Li M1, Qian J2, Fan J3, Du B1.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Jan 1;214:432-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.101. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
- This study confirmed the inhibitory effects of clove essential oil (CEO) and eugenol (EUG) on the browning and relevant enzymes of fresh-cut lettuce, and examined associated mechanisms by inhibition kinetics and computational docking analysis. Fresh-cut lettuce was treated with 0.05% CEO and 0.05% E
- PMID 27507495
- Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots.
- Ngolong Ngea GL1, Guillon F2, Essia Ngang JJ1, Bonnin E2, Bouchet B2, Saulnier L3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Dec 15;213:402-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.107. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
- Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pecti
- PMID 27451197
Japanese Journal
- 生理活性脂質合成系をターゲットとした自然薯粉含有食の食品機能性の解析
- 山本(鈴木) 登志子(登志子),田中 小百合,津嘉山 泉,大本 安梨紗,吉尾 壯兒,川上 祐生,木本 真順美,高橋 吉孝,Toshiko Yamamoto,Sayuri Tanaka,Izumi Tsukayama,Arisa Oomoto,Soji Yoshio,Yuki Kawakami,Masumi Kimoto,Yoshitaka Takahashi
- 岡山県立大学保健福祉学部紀要 = Bulletin of Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University 20, 37-43, 2014-03-12
- … Dioscorea japonica suppressed mRNA expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aromatase and 17α-hydoxylase/17,20-lyase in steroid synthesis pathway, and that of COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1 and cPGES in prostaglandin E2 synthesis pathway in the mouse brain. …
- NAID 120005397778
- Effect of Polyphenols on 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Lyase Activity in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cell Extracts
- Nakagawa Saori,Kojima Yuko,Sekino Koichi [他]
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 36(12), 1902-1906, 2013-12
- NAID 40019889551
- アビラテロンの有用性について (特集 前立腺がんの新展開)
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- lyase [lī′ās′, -āz′] noun any of a class of enzymes that act as catalysts in chemical reactions involving double bonds lyase noun Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of double bonds by removing chemical groups ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- enzyme, ferment
- 関
- 酵素反応
酵素の分類
- (a)酸化還元酵素(oxydoreductase) EC1:ある物質を酸化したり､還元したりします。脱水素酵素､ペルオキシダーゼなどを含みます。
- (b)転移酵素(transferase) EC2: アミノ基やリン酸基などをある物質から別の物質に転移する酵素です。アミノ基を転移する酵素はアミノトランスフェラーゼと呼ばれます。
- (c)加水分解酵素(hydrolase) EC3:ある物質(基質)に水(H2OのうちHとOH)を加えることにより､2つに分解します。多くの蛋白分解酵素が含まれます。
- (d)リアーゼ(lyase) EC4:ある物質を2つに分解します。
- (e)イソメラーゼ(isomerase) EC5:ある基質を異性体に変換します。
- (f)リガーゼ(ligase) EC6;ATPのエネルギーを使って2つの物質を結合します。
[★]
- 関
- lyase、synthetase、transferase
[★]
- 英
- transferase、lyase、synthase
- 関
- 合成酵素、シンターゼ、脱離酵素、転移酵素、トランスフェラーゼ、リアーゼ
[★]
- 関
- lyase、synthase、transposase
[★]
- 英
- lyase
- 関
- リガーゼ、合成酵素
[★]
コンドロイチナーゼおよびコンドロイチンリアーゼ
- 関
- chondroitinase
[★]
コンドロイチンリアーゼ
[★]
ATP-クエン酸-リアーゼ
[★]
リン・酸素リアーゼ