左軸偏位
WordNet
- toward or on the left; also used figuratively; "he looked right and left"; "the political party has moved left"
- a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east; "take a left at the corner"
- the hand that is on the left side of the body; "jab with your left" (同)left_hand
- those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare (同)left wing
- location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east; "she stood on the left"
- intended for the left hand; "I rarely lose a left-hand glove" (同)left-hand
- being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north; "my left hand"; "left center field"; "the left bank of a river is bank on your left side when you are facing downstream"
- of or belonging to the political or intellectual left
- deviate behavior (同)deviance
- the error of a compass due to local magnetic disturbances
- a variation that deviates from the standard or norm; "the deviation from the mean" (同)divergence, departure, difference
- the difference between an observed value and the expected value of a variable or function
- the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
- the center around which something rotates (同)axis of rotation
- the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head (同)axis vertebra
- a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions
- terminate; "The NSF axed the research program and stopped funding it" (同)axe
- an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle (同)axe
- in World War II the alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936 which later included Japan and other nations; "the Axis opposed the Allies in World War II"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- leaveの過去・過去分詞
- 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『左の』,左方の / 《しばしばl-》(政治上の)左翼の,左派の,革新派の / 左に,左方に / 《通例 the ~》『左』,左方,左側 / 《しばしばthe L-》左翼の政党(団体),左派 / 〈U〉(野球で)左翼,レフト(left field);〈C〉左翼手(left fielder) / 〈C〉(ボクシングで)左手打ち
- 〈C〉〈U〉(…から)外れること,(…からの)脱線,逸脱《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈C〉偏差;磁針の自差
- 〈C〉軸,軸線;枢軸(すうじく) / 《the A-》枢軸国(第二次大戦当時の日本・ドイツ・イタリアなど)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/29 02:39:58」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The hexaxial reference system is a diagram that is used to determine the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.
Left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition whereby the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between -30° and -90°. This is reflected by a QRS complex positive in lead I and negative in leads aVF and II.[1]
Cause [edit]
Common causes of LAD include left ventricular hypertrophy, left anterior fascicular block (or hemiblock) and inferior myocardial infarction.[2][3] Less commonly LAD may be a normal variant, particularly in obese or stocky individuals, or it may be associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome or an Ostium primum atrial septal defect.
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is generally recognised as a cause of LAD,[2][3][4] although some sources claim that LVH does not cause LAD.[1][5]
See also [edit]
- Cardiac axis
- Right axis deviation
References [edit]
- ^ a b http://www.ecglibrary.com/axis.html
- ^ a b Lilly, Leonard (2006). Pathophysiology of Heart Disease. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6321-9.
- ^ a b Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). McGraw-Hill. 2005. p. 1314. ISBN 0-07-147760-8.
- ^ http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/left-axis-deviation/
- ^ http://www.fpnotebook.com/cv/exam/LftAxsDvtn.htm
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Cardiovascular disease: heart disease · Circulatory system pathology (I00–I52, 390–429)
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| Ischaemic |
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CD/CHD
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CAD · Coronary thrombosis · Coronary vasospasm · Coronary artery aneurysm · Coronary artery dissection · Myocardial bridge
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Active ischemia
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Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina, Stable angina) · Acute coronary (Unstable angina, Myocardial infarction / heart attack)
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Sequelae
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hours (Myocardial stunning, Hibernating myocardium) · days (Myocardial rupture) · weeks (Aneurysm of heart/Ventricular aneurysm, Dressler's syndrome)
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| Layers |
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Pericardium
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Pericarditis (Acute, Chronic/Constrictive) · Pericardial effusion (Hemopericardium, Cardiac tamponade)
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Myocardium
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Myocarditis (Chagas disease)
Cardiomyopathy: Dilated (Alcoholic) · Hypertrophic · Restrictive (Loeffler endocarditis, Cardiac amyloidosis, Endocardial fibroelastosis)
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
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Endocardium/
valves
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Endocarditis
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Infective endocarditis (Subacute bacterial endocarditis) · noninfective endocarditis (Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis)
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Valves
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mitral (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) · aortic (stenosis, insufficiency) · tricuspid (stenosis, insufficiency) · pulmonary (stenosis, insufficiency)
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Conduction/
arrhythmia |
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Bradycardia
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Sinus bradycardia · Sick sinus syndrome
Heart block: Sinoatrial · AV (1°, 2°, 3°) · Intraventricular (Bundle branch/Right/Left, Left anterior fascicular/Left posterior fascicular, Bifascicular/Trifascicular) · Adams–Stokes syndrome
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Tachycardia
(paroxysmal and sinus)
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Supraventricular
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Atrial (Multifocal) · Junctional (AV nodal reentrant, Junctional ectopic)
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Ventricular
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Torsades de pointes · Catecholaminergic polymorphic · Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
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Premature contraction
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Atrial · Ventricular
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Pre-excitation syndrome
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Wolff-Parkinson-White · Lown-Ganong-Levine
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Flutter/fibrillation
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Atrial flutter · Ventricular flutter · Atrial fibrillation (Familial) · Ventricular fibrillation
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Pacemaker
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Wandering pacemaker · Ectopic pacemaker/Ectopic beat · Parasystole · Multifocal atrial tachycardia · Pacemaker syndrome
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Long QT syndrome
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Romano-Ward syndrome · Andersen-Tawil syndrome · Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
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Cardiac arrest
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Sudden cardiac death · Asystole · Pulseless electrical activity · Sinoatrial arrest
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Other/ungrouped
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hexaxial reference system (Right axis deviation, Left axis deviation) · QT (Short QT syndrome) · T (T wave alternans) · ST (Osborn wave, ST elevation, ST depression)
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| Cardiomegaly |
Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right/Cor pulmonale) · Atrial enlargement (Left, Right)
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| Other |
Cardiac fibrosis · Heart failure (Diastolic heart failure, Cardiac asthma) · Rheumatic fever
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noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Analyses of surgically induced astigmatism and axis deviation in microcoaxial phacoemulsification.
- Ozyol E1, Ozyol P.
- International ophthalmology.Int Ophthalmol.2014 Jun;34(3):591-6. doi: 10.1007/s10792-013-9858-8. Epub 2013 Oct 1.
- To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and axis deviation after coaxial microincision superotemporal clear corneal phacoemulsification incision in eyes with differently located steep axis. This prospective, comparative study included four groups of 45 eyes with age-related cataracts; each
- PMID 24081915
- Detailing magnetic field strength dependence and segmental artifact distribution of myocardial effective transverse relaxation rate at 1.5, 3.0, and 7.0 T.
- Meloni A1, Hezel F, Positano V, Keilberg P, Pepe A, Lombardi M, Niendorf T.
- Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.Magn Reson Med.2014 Jun;71(6):2224-30. doi: 10.1002/mrm.24856. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
- PURPOSE: Realizing the challenges and opportunities of effective transverse relaxation rate (R2 *) mapping at high and ultrahigh fields, this work examines magnetic field strength (B0 ) dependence and segmental artifact distribution of myocardial R2 * at 1.5, 3.0, and 7.0 T.METHODS: Healthy subjects
- PMID 23813553
- Automatic calibration of trigger delay time for cardiac MRI.
- Huang TY1, Tseng YS, Chuang TC.
- NMR in biomedicine.NMR Biomed.2014 Apr;27(4):417-24. doi: 10.1002/nbm.3076. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
- This study aimed to automatically identify the cardiac rest period using a rapid free-breathing (FB) calibration scanning procedure, and to determine the optimal trigger delay for cardiac imaging. A standard deviation (SD) method was used to rapidly identify cardiac quiescent phases employing multip
- PMID 24478224
Japanese Journal
- Cardiovascular Dysfunction with Low Cardiac Output Due to a Small Heart in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Miwa Kunihisa,Fujita Masatoshi
- Internal Medicine 48(21), 1849-1854, 2009
- … Electrocardiograms frequently revealed right axis deviation (21%) and severe sinus arrhythmia (34%) suggesting accentuated parasympathetic nervous activity. … Echocardiographic examination demonstrated low cardiac indexes (<2 L/min/m2) with low stroke volume indexes (<30 mL/m2) due to a small left ventricular chamber in 19 (36%, p<0.05 vs. 8% in 36 controls). … None had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. …
- NAID 130000122196
- Left Bundle Branch Block With Intermittent QRS Axis Switching : Observation of a Hypertensive Patient for 18 Years
- Takato Tetsuya,Yamada Namie,Fujii Jun,Mashima Saburo,Ashida Terunao
- International Heart Journal 50(5), 677-684, 2009
- … An electrocardiogram revealed left axis deviation (LAD) in 1988 and slightly prolonged PQ intervals in 1993. … Complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) with LAD developed in May 1995. … The wide QRS of the CLBBB had never returned to the normal narrow QRS and had intermittently alternated between LAD and normal axis. …
- NAID 130000120850
Related Links
- Review of the ECG features and causes of left axis deviation ... ECG BASICS — Waves, Intervals, Segments and Clinical Interpretation ECG A to Z by diagnosis –alphabetical diagnostic approach to the ECG ECG CLINICAL CASES — ECG’s placed in clinical context with a challenging Q&A approach
- 12-lead ECG library, ECG / EKG electrical axis at a glance ... Using leads I and aVF the axis can be calculated to within one of the four quadrants at a glance. If the axis is in the "left" quadrant take your second glance at lead II.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- left axis deviation
- 関
- 右軸偏位、電気軸
定義
医学大事典
- QRS波の前額面の平均電気軸の偏位で定める
- 左軸偏位有り：29≦ ≦-89
- 病的意義あり：-30≦ ≦-89
最新医学事典
心電図のABC （改訂2版）
原因
- 1. 左脚前枝ブロック：
- 2. 左脚ブロック：右脚が興奮後に左脚側が興奮するために、電気軸が偏位する。
- 3. 2枝ブロック：右脚ブッロク＋左脚前枝ブロックでは左軸偏位となる。
- 4. WPW症候群 房室結節とケント束を介して刺激伝導系を興奮させるため、電気軸が偏位する。
- 5. 左室肥大：左室での起電力が増大するため。
- 6. 先天性心疾患 心内膜床欠損症や単心室などの疾患で左軸偏位となる。
- 7. 下壁梗塞 下壁心筋の壊死（起電力の低下・欠如）に伴い、Q波を認め、よって電気軸が偏位する。
- 8. 横位心、水平位心：肥満、妊娠、腹水、腹部腫瘤など横隔膜が持ち上げられ、心臓が横位となる場合は左軸偏位となる場合がある。
- 9. 健常者：加齢に伴って出現することがある。いわゆる正常変異(normal variant)であり、軽度(0°～-30°)である。
- 10. 肺気腫
- 11. 心筋症
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皮膚科
循環器
免疫学
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- 関
- leave
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