fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

フレアー FLAIR

WordNet

1. a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa
2. abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
3. the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer
4. the act of turning inside out (同)eversion, everting
5. a term formerly used to mean taking on the gender role of the opposite sex (同)sexual_inversion
6. turning upside down; setting on end (同)upending
7. (counterpoint) a variation of a melody or part in which ascending intervals are replaced by descending intervals and vice versa
8. (genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
9. cover anew; "recover a chair"
10. regain a former condition after a financial loss; "We expect the stocks to recover to $2.90"; "The company managed to recuperate" (同)go_back, recuperate
11. regain or make up for; "recuperate ones losses" (同)recoup, recuperate
12. get or find back; recover the use of; "She regained control of herself"; "She found her voice and replied quickly" (同)retrieve, find, regain
13. subject to change; variable; "a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty"; "everything was unstable following the coup" (同)unstable
14. a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
15. continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas
16. in cash or easily convertible to cash; "liquid (or fluid) assets" (同)liquid
17. affording change (especially in social status); "Britain is not a truly fluid society"; "upwardly mobile" (同)mobile
18. characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape (同)runny
19. the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) (同)retrieval
20. return to an original state; "the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid"
21. become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude
22. reduced in strength; "the faded tones of an old recording" (同)attenuated, faded, weakened

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 反対,転倒 / (文法で)倒置[法]
2. …‘を'再びおおう;…‘を'張り替える
3. 〈失ったもの〉‘を'『取り戻す』,『回復する』 / 〈損失など〉‘を'埋め合わせる / (…から)正常な状態に戻る,回復する《+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》
4. 『流体』,流動体 / 『流動性の』,流動する / 流体の,流動体から成る / 変わりやすい,固定していない,浮動する
5. 〈U〉(…を)『取り戻すこと』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(…からの…の)『回復』《+『of』+『名』+『from』+『名』》
6. 〈固体など〉'を'細くする;〈体など〉'を'やせさせる / 〈力・価値など〉'を'減じる,弱める

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/23 20:44:34」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI image demonstrating tumor-related infiltration involving lenticular nuclei (Arrow).

Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI image demonstrating tumor-related infiltration involving both temporal lobes (Short arrow), and the substantia nigra (Long arrow).

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a pulse sequence used in magnetic resonance imaging which was invented by Dr. Graeme Bydder. FLAIR can be used with both three-dimensional imaging (3D FLAIR) or two dimensional imaging (2D FLAIR).

The pulse sequence is an inversion recovery technique that nulls fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) effects on the image, so as to bring out the periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques.

By carefully choosing the inversion time (TI), the signal from any particular tissue can be nulled. The appropriate TI depends on the tissue via the formula:

${\textrm {TI}}=\ln(2)\cdot T_{1},\,$

in other words, one should typically use a TI of around 70% of the T₁ value. In the case of CSF suppression, one aims for T₁ weighted images, which prioritize the signal of fat over that of water. Therefore, if the long TI (inversion time) is adjusted to a zero crossing point for water (none of its signal is visible), the signal of the CSF is theoretically being "erased," from the derived image.

Clinical applications

The FLAIR sequence analysis has been especially useful in the evaluation and study of CNS disorders, involving:

• Lacunar infarction
• Multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques
• Subarachnoid haemorrhage
• Head trauma
• Meningitis and other leptomeningeal diseases*

* Post-contrast FLAIR images have been added to diagnosis protocol for accurate medical assessment.

See also

• Relaxation (NMR)

References

Further reading

• McRobbie D., et al. MRI, From picture to proton. 2003 p.40-42
• Hashemi Ray, et al. MRI, The Basics 2ED. 2004. p.272

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• MR imaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury with persistent neurological impairment.

• Trifan G1, Gattu R2, Haacke EM3, Kou Z4, Benson RR5.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.Magn Reson Imaging.2017 Apr;37:243-251. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.009. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread cause of neurologic disability, with >70% of cases being mild in severity. Magnetic resonance imaging provides objective biomarkers in the diagnosis of brain injury by detecting brain lesions resulting from trauma. This paper reports on the detection r
• PMID 27939436

• Brain imaging: Comparison of T1W FLAIR BLADE with conventional T1W SE.

• Mavroidis P1, Giankou E2, Tsikrika A3, Kapsalaki E3, Chatzigeorgiou V4, Batsikas G4, Zaimis G2, Kostopoulos S5, Glotsos D5, Ninos K5, Georgountzos V6, Kavouras D5, Lavdas E7.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.Magn Reson Imaging.2017 Apr;37:234-242. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.007. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
• INTRODUCTION: Although T1 weighted spin echo (T1W SE) images are widely used to study anatomical details and pathologic abnormalities of the brain, its role in delineation of lesions and reduction of artifacts has not been thoroughly investigated. BLADE is a fairly new technique that has been report
• PMID 27939435

• Effects of orthodontic appliances on the diagnostic quality of magnetic resonance images of the head.

• Zhylich D1, Krishnan P2, Muthusami P2, Rayner T2, Shroff M3, Doria A3, Tompson B4, Lou W5, Suri S6.
• American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2017 Mar;151(3):484-499. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.07.020.
• INTRODUCTION: The influence of 4 commonly used fixed orthodontic appliances on artifact formation and diagnostic quality of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the head produced by a 3-T MR scanner was studied.METHODS: Stainless steel brackets, ceramic brackets, combination of ceramic brackets and ste
• PMID 28257733

Japanese Journal

• 中耳手術における内耳瘻孔の対応 : ―3D FLAIR MRI評価の有用性―

• 曾根 三千彦,中島 務
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 104(2), 85-93, 2011
• … We used fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cases of acute inflammation-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due to different conditions, and evaluated its advantages in investigating these ear-disturbance etiologies, focusing on labyrinthine fistulas. …
• NAID 130000805050

• Reversible Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes Associated With Hypoglycemia : Case Report

• YAMASHITA Shiro,KAWAKITA Kenya,HOSOMI Naohisa,NAYA Takayuki,OHKITA Hiroyuki,KURODA Yasuhiro,TAMIYA Takashi
• Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 50(8), 651-654, 2010-08-15
• … Follow-up brain MR imaging was conducted 3 days later, but no clearly abnormal findings were seen on T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted, or ADC images. …
• NAID 10026651350

Related Links

• Fluid attenuated inversion recovery | definition of Fluid ...

FLAIR Acronym for fluid attenuated inversion recovery; this term is always used in acronymic form. In MRI, a type of inversion recovery in which the signal from water is reduced by timing the delay of the inversion pulse. See also: short TI inversion recovery

• Fluid attenuation inversion recovery | Radiology Reference ...

Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence with long T1 to remove the effects of fluid from the resulting images.1 The T1 time of the FLAIR pulse sequence is adjusted to the relaxation time of ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「FLAIR法」「反転回復」「FLAIR technique in MRI」
関連記事	「recover」「recovery」「attenuate」「inversion」「flu」

「FLAIR法」

　　[★]

英

fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, FLAIR

同

フレアー、フレアー法

関

MRI

• MRIで水などの長いT1緩和時間を有する部位の信号を抑制する反転回復撮影法

特徴

• 脳脊髄液の信号の影響を受けないT2強調画像を取得できる

目的

• 頭蓋内スクリーニング(T2より病変がわかりやすい)

「反転回復」

　　[★]

英

inversion recovery, IR

関

FLAIR fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

「FLAIR technique in MRI」

　　[★]

同

fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

「recover」

　　[★]

• v.

• 回復する、戻る、回収する、戻す

関

ameliorate、amelioration、harvest、recovery、recuperate、regain、resolution、resolve、restitution、restoration、restore、retrieval、retrieve、return、reversal、revert

　 　 　 　 　 　

「recovery」

　　[★]

• n.

• 回復、復活、回収、回収率

関

ameliorate、amelioration、harvest、recover、recovery rate、recuperate、regain、resolution、resolve、restitution、restoration、restore、retrieval、retrieve、return、reversal、revival

　 　 　

「attenuate」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 捕捉する。薄める。和らげる、弱める。減ずる。(ウイルスなどを)弱毒化する、原毒する。

• vi.

• 細くなる、薄くなる、弱くなる、少なくなる。

関

(n.)attenuation, (adj.)tenuous 非常に薄い、細い。希薄な

　 　 　

「inversion」

　　[★]

• n.

• (解剖学)内反。内返し。(足・子宮などの)反転(retroflexion)。(心臓などの)逆位

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「flu」

　　[★]

• インフルエンザ

関

grippe、influenza