WordNet

complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts; "a complex set of variations based on a simple folk melody"; "a complex mass of diverse laws and customs"
a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated (同)coordination_compound
a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts; "the complex of shopping malls, houses, and roads created a new town" (同)composite
(psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a persons behavior
a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earths crust; an important component of most plants and animals (同)Ca, atomic number 20
a salt or ester of citric acid
cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid
any substance (such as an antibody) or agent that can cause lysis
an essential amino acid found in proteins; occurs especially in gelatin and casein

PrepTutorEJDIC

『いくつかの部分から成る』,複合の,合成の / 『複雑な』,入りくんだ,こみいった(complicated) / 複合体,合成物 / コンプレックス,複合(抑圧されて心に残った複雑なしこり)
『カルシウム』(金属元素;化学記号は『Ca』)
クエン酸塩
リジン(細胞溶解素), = lysine

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/03 12:10:20」(JST)

wiki en

Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor. In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate. Calcium citrate is also used as a water softener because the citrate ions can chelate unwanted metal ions. Calcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal). Calcium makes up 21% of calcium citrate by weight.

Chemical properties[edit]

Calcium citrate is an odorless white powder, practically insoluble in cold water.

Like citric acid, calcium citrate has a sour taste. Like other salts, however, it also has a salty taste. This should not be confused with the product commonly found in grocery stores labeled as "sour salt", which is simply powdered citric acid (which only resembles salt superficially).

Production[edit]

Calcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially.^[1] The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by calcium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate. This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrate.

The calcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.

Biological role[edit]

In many individuals, bioavailability of calcium citrate is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate.^[2] However, alterations to the digestive tract may change how calcium is digested and absorbed. Unlike calcium carbonate, which is basic and neutralizes stomach acid, calcium citrate has no effect on stomach acid. Individuals who are sensitive to antacids or who have difficulty producing adequate stomach acid should choose calcium citrate over calcium carbonate for supplementation. According to recent research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery,^[3] calcium citrate may have improved bioavailability over calcium carbonate in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients who are taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery. This is mainly due to the changes related to where calcium absorption occurs in the digestive tract of these individuals.

References[edit]

^ "Use of Lime in the Chemical Industry". National Lime Association. Archived from the original on 2006-09-29. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
^ Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Bierman J, Hale CA, Bendich A (June 2001). "Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation". Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20 (3): 239–46. PMID 11444420. Retrieved 2009-11-03. | PMID 11444420
^ Tondapu, P. and Provost, D. and Adams-Huet, B. and Sims, T. and Chang, C. and Sakhaee, K. (June 2009). "Comparison of the Absorption of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Citrate after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass". Obesity Surgery 19 (9): 1256–1261. doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9850-6. PMID 19437082. Retrieved 2010-08-11.

External links[edit]

National Cancer Institute

UpToDate Contents

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1. 慢性腎疾患における高リン血症の治療 treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease
2. 低カルシウム血症の治療 treatment of hypocalcemia
3. 小児における、慢性腎臓病に伴う骨ミネラル代謝異常（CKD-MBD） pediatric chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder ckd mbd
4. 持続的腎代替療法中の抗凝固療法 anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy
5. 炎症性腸疾患における代謝性骨疾患 metabolic bone disease in inflammatory bowel disease

English Journal

Systematic study of alginate-based microcapsules by micropipette aspiration and confocal fluorescence microscopy.

Kleinberger RM, Burke NA, Dalnoki-Veress K, Stöver HD.SourceDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1,Canada.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2013 Oct;33(7):4295-304. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.033. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
Micropipette aspiration and confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to study the structure and mechanical properties of calcium alginate hydrogel beads (A beads), as well as A beads that were additionally coated with poly-L-lysine (P) and sodium alginate (A) to form, respectively, AP and APA hydr
PMID 23910346

The role of calcium, phosphate and citrate ions in the stabilization of casein micelles.

Visser J, Schaier RW, van Gorkom M.AbstractTo obtain greater insight into the interaction of Ca, citrate and phosphate ions with casein, 31PNMR measurements were performed on combinations of these ions with alphas- and kappa-caseins. It was found that addition of alphas-casein to a Ca phosphate solution in D2O at 27 degrees C and pD 6.4 resulted in a downfield shift of the 31P singlet. An almost identical shift was observed with kappa-casein, but no shift was found when only phosphate ions were present or when Ca2+ were added to phosphate ions in the absence of casein. Separate experiments with poly-L-lysine, mol. wt approx. 35,000, resulted in similar downfield 31P chemical shifts of Ca phosphate as with both caseins, whereas no shift was observed when poly-glycine was added. From these results it can be concluded that Ca and phosphate ions associate with casein in a co-operative manner, probably in the way described by ter Horst (1963) as a complex with the NH3+-groups of lysine or arginine in a structure such as: (casein--NH3+)--PO43---Ca2+. The formation of this complex may be enhanced by citrate ions, since preliminary results have shown that addition of Na citrate to a solution of alphas-casein with added Ca phosphate produces a broadening of the 31P signal as well as a chemical shift.
The Journal of dairy research.J Dairy Res.1979 Apr;46(2):333-5.
To obtain greater insight into the interaction of Ca, citrate and phosphate ions with casein, 31PNMR measurements were performed on combinations of these ions with alphas- and kappa-caseins. It was found that addition of alphas-casein to a Ca phosphate solution in D2O at 27 degrees C and pD 6.4 resu
PMID 469062

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クエン酸カルシウムリジン複合剤」
関連記事	「complex」「complexed」「complexes」「calcium」

「クエン酸カルシウムリジン複合剤」

Calcium citrate
	IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane- tricarboxylic acid calcium salt (2:3)
	Other names E333
Identifiers
CAS number	813-94-5 , 5785-44-4 (tetrahydrate)
PubChem	13136
ChemSpider	12584
EC number	212-391-7
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].O=C([O-])CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(=O)[O-].[O-]C(=O)C(O)(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Ca/c27-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h213H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3+2/p-6 ; Key: FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H InChI=1/2C6H8O7.3Ca/c27-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h213H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3+2/p-6; Key: FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-CYFPFDDLAZ ;
Properties
Molecular formula	Ca3(C6H5O7)2
Molar mass	498.46 g/mol (anhydrous); 570.5 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance	White powder
Odor	odorless
Density	1.63 g/cm3, solid
Melting point	120 °C (loses water)
Boiling point	Decomposes
Solubility in water	0.085 g/100 mL (18 °C); 0.095 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility	insoluble in alcohol
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	Irritant
NFPA 704	1 1 0
Related compounds
Other cations	Sodium citrate
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references