関: K. lactis

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/11 00:49:16」(JST)

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Kluyveromyces lactis is a Kluyveromyces yeast commonly used for genetic studies and industrial applications. Its name comes from the ability to assimilate lactose and convert it into lactic acid.

Kluyveromyces lactis(formerly Saccharomyces lactis) is a yeast which has the ability to assimilate lactose and convert it into lactic acid. Kluyveromyces lactis and other organisms ie, Aspergillus niger var awamori and Escherichia coli K12 are grown in fermenters to produce chymosin (rennet) on a commercial scale; this rennet, which replaces the conventional form obtained from slaughtered animals, is now widely used in cheese production.

Yeasts and fungi are ideal organisms for comparative genomic studies in eukaryotes because of their small and compact genomes and because they include a number of species such as Neurospora crassa, S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that have been, and continue to be, used extensively in genetic studies. However, the divergence between these three species is ancient (estimated to be at least 300million years old) and the organization of their genomes is quite different. The diversity of the hemiascomycetes, a group of ascomycetes that contains most of the known yeast species was first explored in 2000.

Complete sequencing and comparison of four hemiascomycetous yeasts has been undertaken these are Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Yarrowia lipolytica. They were selected on the basis of their phylogenetic positions and their specific interest as human pathogens, or as industrially or environmentally important yeasts. This work, which represents the first multispecies exploration of genome evolution across an entire eukaryotic phylum, reveals the variety of events and mechanisms that have taken place, and should allow useful comparisons with other phyla of multicellular organisms when more genome sequences are determined.

K. lactis is a heterothallic species with a predominantly haplontic cycle, in contrast to S. cerevisiae in which the predominantly diplobiontic cycle is pseudo-heterothallic due to mating-type switching. ^[1]

Use

Besides E. coli and Aspergillus niger var awamori, K.lactis is one of the main organisms grown in industry in fermenters to produce chymosin on a large scale. Chymosin is used for cheese production.

The genome of K.lactis has been sequenced.^[2]

References

^ http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/eukaryotes/Kluyveromyces_lactis.html
^ Nature. 2004 Jul 1;430(6995):35-44 Genome evolution in yeasts

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English Journal

Production of 1-lactulose and lactulose using commercial β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis in the presence of fructose.

Hua X, Yang R, Shen Q, Ye F, Zhang W, Zhao W.SourceKey Laboratory of Saccharides Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Apr 15;137(1-4):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
Production of 1-lactulose and lactulose using commercial β-galactosidase DSM Maxilact® 5000 in the presence of fructose was investigated. Experiments were performed at 40 °C and pH 7.5. Lactose starting concentration was constantly 250 g/l. A novel transgalactosylation product 1-lactulose was det
PMID 23199983

Identification of Functionally Conserved Regions in the Structure of the Chaperone/CenH3/H4 Complex.

Hong J, Feng H, Zhou Z, Ghirlando R, Bai Y.SourceLaboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Journal of molecular biology.J Mol Biol.2013 Feb 8;425(3):536-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.11.021. Epub 2012 Nov 23.
In eukaryotes, a variant of conventional histone H3 termed CenH3 epigenetically marks the centromere. The conserved CenH3 chaperone specifically recognizes CenH3 and is required for CenH3 deposition at the centromere. Recently, the structures of the chaperone/CenH3/H4 complexes have been determined
PMID 23178171

Detailed Analysis of Galactooligosaccharides Synthesis with β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae.

Urrutia P, Rodriguez-Colinas B, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Ballesteros AO, Wilson L, Illanes A, Plou FJ.SourceInstituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC , 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.J Agric Food Chem.2013 Feb 6;61(5):1081-7. doi: 10.1021/jf304354u. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
The synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) catalyzed by β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae (Enzeco) was studied. Using 400 g/L of lactose and 15 U/mL, maximum GOS yield, measured by HPAEC-PAD, was 26.8% w/w of total carbohydrates, obtained at approximately 70% lactose conversion. No less t
PMID 23330921

Japanese Journal

中国内蒙古自治区の伝統的な馬乳酒、チゲにおける酵母の分離と同定

蘇敦,白宇,双全,鳥力吉徳力根,宮本拓
ミルクサイエンス = Milk science 59(3), 231-236, 2010-12
… 分離した108株の酵母を同定したところ、乳糖発酵性酵母ではCandida kefyr（21.3％）が最も優勢に分離されており、Kluyveromyces marxianus var. … lactis（11.1％）も分離された。 …
NAID 120005068704

Effect of Lactic Fermentation on Antioxidant Capacity of Rye Sourdough and Bread

BANU Iuliana,VASILEAN Ina,APRODU Iuliana
Food science and technology research 16(6), 571-576, 2010-11-01
… Effect of sourdough fermentation, by different starter culture (lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis ssp. … Lactis, Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus helveticus, and yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus subsp. …
NAID 10027497883

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クルイベロミセス・ラクチス」「クリベロマイセス・ラクティス」「K. lactis」
関連記事	「Kluyveromyces」「lactis」

「クルイベロミセス・ラクチス」

Kluyveromyces lactis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Ascomycota
Subphylum:	Saccharomycotina
Class:	Saccharomycetes
Order:	Saccharomycetales
Family:	Saccharomycetaceae
Genus:	Kluyveromyces
Species:	Kluyveromyces lactis