WordNet

involving the entire earth; not limited or provincial in scope; "global war"; "global monetary policy"; "neither national nor continental but planetary"; "a world crisis"; "of worldwide significance" (同)planetary, world, worldwide, world-wide
inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion

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球の,球形の / 地球の,全世界の / 全体的な,総括的な
失語症
(液体の)小滴,しずく / (粘土・クリームなどの)球形の固まり

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/10 10:48:46」(JST)

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Main article: Aphasia

Global aphasia is a type of aphasia that is commonly associated with a large lesion in the perisylvian area of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes of the brain causing an almost total reduction of all aspects of spoken and written language.^[1] It involves a "left side blowout" which includes Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the Arcuate fasciculus. It can also be seen in the initial stages of large left middle cerebral artery injuries that may progressively improve to become expressive aphasia.^[2]

Global aphasia has been cited as among the most common type of aphasia in patients referred for speech rehabilitation therapy.^[3]^[4]

Presentation

The presentation of global aphasia are those of severe expressive aphasia and receptive aphasia combined. There is absence or severe impairment of both comprehension and expression of language. Persons with global aphasia are often mute or reduced to a few stereotyped words or sounds.^[1] Other cognitive skills remain functioning - a phenomenon affirming that language faculty is indeed a separate domain.^{[citation needed]}

Prognosis

Persons with a large injury to the left perisylvian areas of the brain, often initially show signs of global aphasia in the first 1–2 days due to brain swelling (cerebral edema). With some recovery, impairment presentation may progress into expressive aphasia (most commonly) or receptive aphasia.^[2]^[3] Improvement may occur in one or both areas (expressive and receptive language) over time. However, studies show that spontaneous improvement, if it happens, occurs within six months, but complete recovery is rare.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Rothstein, Jules M. (2005). The Rehabilitation Specialist's Handbook. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. pp. 372–373. ISBN 0-8036-1238-9.
^ ^a ^b Blumenfeld, M.D., Ph.D, Hal (2010). Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, Second Edition. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc.. pp. 434–437. ISBN 978-0-87893-058-6.
^ ^a ^b Sarno, MT (1970). "A survey of 100 aphasic Medicare patients in a speech pathology program". J Am Geriatr Soc 18: 471. doi:10.1016/0093-934X(81)90124-3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WC0-4D5X92P-1&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1981&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1750252966&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e66a9afdac7158d98e4e7a7129dc73ec&searchtype=a. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
^ ^a ^b Prins, R; et al. (1978). "Recovery from aphasia: Spontaneous speech versus language comprehension". Brain Lang 6: 192. doi:10.1016/0093-934X(78)90058-5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WC0-4J5TFSW-7&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F1978&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1750263176&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=30b9499ef1f8bd9576e4c92b7592b596&searchtype=a. Retrieved 12 May 2011.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia
2. 失語症：予後および治療 aphasia prognosis and treatment
3. 高齢患者における痙攣発作およびてんかん：病因、臨床像、および診断 seizures and epilepsy in the elderly patient etiology clinical presentation and diagnosis

English Journal

Progressive non-fluent aphasia in a bilingual subject: relative preservation of "mother tongue".

Larner AJ.
The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences.J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.2012 Dec 1;24(1):E9-E10.
PMID 22450655

Operative and nonoperative linguistic outcomes in brain injury patients.

Chabok SY, Kapourchali SR, Saberi A, Mohtasham-Amiri Z.AbstractOBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Linguistic function is one of vulnerable aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) which may have destructive effects on patients' communicative activities and daily life, years following trauma. This paper attempts to answer the controversy whether surgery affects increase and decrease of linguistic impairment or not.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2012 Jun 15;317(1-2):130-6. Epub 2012 Mar 12.
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Linguistic function is one of vulnerable aspects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) which may have destructive effects on patients' communicative activities and daily life, years following trauma. This paper attempts to answer the controversy whether surgery affects increase a
PMID 22418055