WordNet
- a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides (同)cube
- (computer science) a sector or group of sectors that function as the smallest data unit permitted; "since blocks are often defined as a single sector, the terms `block and `sector are sometimes used interchangeably"
- support, secure, or raise with a block; "block a plate for printing"; "block the wheels of a car"
- a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks"
- housing in a large building that is divided into separate units; "there is a block of classrooms in the west wing"
- a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings; "he lives in the next block" (同)city block
- an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block" (同)mental_block
- a number or quantity of related things dealt with as a unit; "he reserved a large block of seats"; "he held a large block of the companys stock"
- interrupt the normal function of by means of anesthesia; "block a nerve"; "block a muscle"
- run on a block system; "block trains"
- shape by using a block; "Block a hat"; "block a garment"
- shape into a block or blocks; "block the graphs so one can see the results clearly"
- stamp or emboss a title or design on a book with a block; "block the book cover"
- direct the flow of; "channel information towards a broad audience" (同)canalize, canalise
- a television station and its programs; "a satellite TV channel"; "surfing through the channels"; "they offer more than one hundred channels" (同)television channel, TV channel
- a passage for water (or other fluids) to flow through; "the fields were crossed with irrigation channels"; "gutters carried off the rainwater into a series of channels under the street"
- (often plural) a means of communication or access; "it must go through official channels"; "lines of communication were set up between the two firms" (同)communication channel, line
- a path over which electrical signals can pass; "a channel is typically what you rent from a telephone company" (同)transmission channel
- a deep and relatively narrow body of water (as in a river or a harbor or a strait linking two larger bodies) that allows the best passage for vessels; "the ship went aground in the channel"
- a class of drugs that inhibit (block) some biological process (同)blocking_agent
- a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play
- a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earths crust; an important component of most plants and animals (同)Ca, atomic number 20
- official routes of communication; "you have to go through channels"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (木・石などの,通例平らな面のある)『かたまり』 / 《米》(四団を街路に囲まれた)『区画』,街区 / 街区の1辺の距離(一般に40メートル前後) / 《英》ブロック(アパート・事務所・商店などに区切られている大きな建物) / 『妨害物』,障害物(obstacle);(障害によって生じた)停滞,渋滞 / 台木,台(まないた・肉切り台・まき割り台・せり売り台・帽子の木型など);《the~》炭頭台 / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)ブロック(相手の選手の突進を阻止する) / 滑車(pulley) / (座席券・株券などの)一組《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈通路など〉'を'『ふさぐ』,〈通行・進行など〉'を'妨げる / 〈帽子など〉の型取りをする / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)〈相手選手の突進〉'を'ブロックする;(ボクシングで)〈相手のパンチ〉'を'ブロックする
- 〈C〉『水路』(川・湾・運河の船の通行ができる深い部分) / 〈U〉河床・川底 / 〈C〉『海峡』 / 〈C〉みぞ(groove),(道路の)水渠(すいきょ) / 《複数形で》(運搬・伝達の)正式の経路(手続き);(一般に)経路 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)チャンネル / …‘に'水路を開く / …‘に'みぞを堀る / …'を'伝える,流す
- 『カルシウム』(金属元素;化学記号は『Ca』)
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 安定狭心症のマネージメントにおけるカルシウム拮抗剤 calcium channel blockers in the management of stable angina pectoris
- 2. カルシウム拮抗剤の主な副作用および安全性 major side effects and safety of calcium channel blockers
- 3. Choice of drug therapy in primary (essential) hypertension
- 4. 収縮機能障害による心不全におけるカルシウム拮抗剤 calcium channel blockers in heart failure due to systolic dysfunction
- 5. Cardiovascular problems in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
English Journal
- Effect of antihypertensive treatment on microvascular structure, central blood pressure and oxidative stress in patients with mild essential hypertension.
- De Ciuceis C, Salvetti M, Rossini C, Muiesan ML, Paini A, Duse S, La Boria E, Semeraro F, Cancarini A, Rosei CA, Sarkar A, Ruggeri G, Caimi L, Ricotta D, Rizzoni D, Rosei EA.Author information aClinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences bChair of Ophthalmology cChair of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Brescia, Italy.AbstractBACKGROUND: It has been previously demonstrated that dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers may possess antioxidant properties and might improve vascular structure. Combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor may have additional advantages, compared with a thiazide diuretic, in this regard. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of a short-term treatment with lercanidipine, and to compare two combination treatments: lercanidipine + enalapril vs. lercanidipine + hydrochlorothiazide on structural alterations in retinal arterioles, on skin capillary density and on large artery distensibility.
- Journal of hypertension.J Hypertens.2014 Mar;32(3):565-74. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000067.
- BACKGROUND: It has been previously demonstrated that dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers may possess antioxidant properties and might improve vascular structure. Combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor may have additional advantages, compared with a thiazide diuret
- PMID 24378999
- Heart rate is associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events, cardiovascular and all-cause death in patients with stable chronic cardiovascular disease: an analysis of ONTARGET/TRANSCEND.
- Lonn EM, Rambihar S, Gao P, Custodis FF, Sliwa K, Teo KK, Yusuf S, Böhm M.Author information Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.AbstractAIMS: Heart rate was proposed as an emergent cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Previous studies have shown associations between increased heart rate and CV risk in various populations. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of heart rate in a large contemporaneous medically optimized cohort of patients with stable chronic CV disease.
- Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society.Clin Res Cardiol.2014 Feb;103(2):149-59. doi: 10.1007/s00392-013-0644-4. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
- AIMS: Heart rate was proposed as an emergent cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Previous studies have shown associations between increased heart rate and CV risk in various populations. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of heart rate in a large contemporaneous medically optimized cohort of
- PMID 24356937
- Amlodipine Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomes and Roles of CYP3A4/5 in the Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation.
- Zhu Y, Wang F, Li Q, Zhu M, Du A, Tang W, Chen W.Author information DMPK Department, Shanghai ChemPartner, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., F.W., Q.L., A.D., W.T., W.C.) and Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.).AbstractAmlodipine is a commonly prescribed calcium channel blocker for the treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The drug is slowly cleared in humans primarily via dehydrogenation of its dihydropyridine moiety to a pyridine derivative (M9). Results from clinical drug-drug interaction studies suggest that CYP3A4/5 mediate metabolism of amlodipine. However, attempts to identify a role of CYP3A5 in amlodipine metabolism in humans based on its pharmacokinetic differences between CYP3A5 expressers and nonexpressers failed. Objectives of this study were to determine the metabolite profile of amlodipine (a racemic mixture and S-isomer) in human liver microsomes (HLM), and to identify the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme(s) involved in the M9 formation. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis showed that amlodipine was mainly converted to M9 in HLM incubation. M9 underwent further O-demethylation, O-dealkylation, and oxidative deamination to various pyridine derivatives. This observation is consistent with amlodipine metabolism in humans. Incubations of amlodipine with HLM in the presence of selective P450 inhibitors showed that both ketoconazole (an inhibitor of CYP3A4/5) and CYP3cide (an inhibitor of CYP3A4) completely blocked the M9 formation, whereas chemical inhibitors of other P450 enzymes had little effect. Furthermore, metabolism of amlodipine in expressed human P450 enzymes showed that only CYP3A4 had significant activity in amlodipine dehydrogenation. Metabolite profiles and P450 reaction phenotyping data of a racemic mixture and S-isomer of amlodipine were very similar. The results from this study suggest that CYP3A4, rather than CYP3A5, plays a key role in metabolic clearance of amlodipine in humans.
- Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals.Drug Metab Dispos.2014 Feb;42(2):245-9. doi: 10.1124/dmd.113.055400. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
- Amlodipine is a commonly prescribed calcium channel blocker for the treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The drug is slowly cleared in humans primarily via dehydrogenation of its dihydropyridine moiety to a pyridine derivative (M9). Results from clinical drug-drug interaction studie
- PMID 24301608
Japanese Journal
- Synthesis, Evaluation of Pharmacological Activity, and Molecular Docking of 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Calcium Antagonists
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 64(4), 297-304, 2016
- NAID 130005141016
- Synthesis, Evaluation of Pharmacological Activity, and Molecular Docking of 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Calcium Antagonists
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2016
- NAID 130005121728
- 高血圧併用療法とCOPE Trial
- 山口医学 64(1), 17-23, 2015
- NAID 130005151153
Related Links
- This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker, Amlodipine, Norvasc, Nimodipine, Dihydropyridine. ... Dihydropyridines (C0012315) Definition (MSH) Pyridine moieties which are ...
- This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker, Amlodipine, Norvasc, Nimodipine, Dihydropyridine. ... Definition (MSH) A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is ...
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| 関連記事 | 「block」「channel」「blocker」「calcium」「dihydropyridine」 |
「block」
- n.
- v.
- 遮断する、ブロックする、封鎖する、阻止する
- 関
- blockade、blockage、deter、inhibit、inhibition、lump、prevent、prevention、repress、repression、seal、turn off
「channel」
- n.
- 川床、川底。水路、河道
- 海峡
- 水管、導管
- 溝
- 経路、ルート。道筋、方向
「blocker」
- n.
「calcium」