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the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)h

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hydrogenの化学記号
鉛筆の硬度 / 《俗》heroin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/11 17:24:34」(JST)

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HLA-B (alpha)-β2MG with bound peptide
major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, B57
Alleles	5701, 5702, 5703, 5704
Structure (See HLA-B)
Shared data
Locus	chr.6 6p21.31

HLA-B57 (B57) is an HLA-B serotype. B57 is a split antigen from the B17 broad antigen, the sister serotype B58.^[1] The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*58 gene products.^[2] (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) Like B58, B57 is involved in drug-induced inflammatory skin disorders.

Serotype[edit]

B57 and B17 serotype recognition of some more common HLA B*57 alleles^[3]
B*57	B57	B17	Sample
allele	%	%	size (N)
*5701	92	5	3670
*5702	78	8	65
*5703	85	6	412
*5704	67	7	32

Allele distribution[edit]

**HLA B*5701 frequencies**
		freq
ref.	Population	(%)
^[4]	South Africa Natal Tamil	10.2
^[4]	India Tamil Nadu Nadar	8.2
^[4]	Spain E. Andalusia Gipsy	7.1
^[4]	Ireland South	5.8
^[4]	India North Delhi	4.9
^[4]	India New Delhi	3.8
^[4]	Ireland Northern	3.8
^[4]	Azores Central Islands	3.6
^[4]	Cuban White	3.6
^[4]	France South East	3.5
^[4]	China Guangzhou Han	3.3
^[4]	China North Han	3.3
^[4]	Czech Republic	3.3
^[4]	Russia Tuva (2)	3.3
^[4]	Cape Verde NW Islands	3.2
^[4]	Azores Terceira Island	3.1
^[4]	Portugal South	3.1
^[4]	Thailand (3)	3.1
^[4]	Uganda Kampala	3.1
^[4]	Portugal Centre	3.0
^[4]	Tunisia	3.0
^[4]	India Andhra Pradesh Golla	2.9
^[4]	Belgium	2.0
^[4]	China Inner Mongolia	2.0
^[4]	Croatia	2.0
^[4]	SP Javanese Indonesians	2.0
^[4]	Singapore Riau Malay	2.0
^[4]	India North Hindus	1.9
^[4]	Bulgaria	1.8
^[4]	Thailand	1.8
^[4]	Finland	1.7
^[4]	Macedonia pop 4	1.6
^[4]	Madeira	1.6
^[4]	Indig. Australian Cape York Penin.	1.5
^[4]	Israel Arab Druse	1.5
^[4]	Sudanese	1.5
^[4]	Morocco Nador Metalsa (Berber)	1.4
^[4]	Oman	1.3
^[4]	Mexico Mestizos	1.2
^[4]	Zambia Lusaka	1.1
^[4]	Shijiazhuang Tianjian Han	1.0
^[4]	Iran Baloch	1.0
^[4]	USA Asian	1.0

**HLA B*5702 frequencies**
		freq
ref.	Population	(%)
^[4]	Zambia Lusaka	2.3
^[4]	Senegal Niokholo Mandenka	1.6
^[4]	Kenya	1.4
^[4]	Mali Bandiagara	1.1
^[4]	South African Natal Zulu	1.0
*B5703**
^[4]	Zambia Lusaka	5.7
^[4]	Cameroon Bakola Pygmy	5.0
^[4]	Ivory Coast Akan Adiopodoume	4.6
^[4]	Zimbabwe Harare Shona	4.4
^[4]	South African Natal Zulu	4.0
^[4]	Cameroon Bamileke	3.2
^[4]	Cameroon Beti	3.2
^[4]	Kenya Nandi	2.9
^[4]	Israel Ashk. & Non-Ashk. Jews	2.8
^[4]	Cameroon Yaounde	2.7
^[4]	Tunisia Tunis	2.3
^[4]	Saudi Arabia Guraiat and Hail	1.5

Disease[edit]

HLA-B*5701 is associated with drug-induced inflammatory disease of the skin. Individuals with B57 are more sensitive to the drug abacavir.^[5] Abacavir is an antiretroviral drug used in treatment of HIV, however in sensitive individuals fever, skin rash, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain and respiratory symptoms such as pharyngitis, dyspnea, or cough can develop. FDA has advised that people from at-risk ethnic groups, (see table on the left) be screened prior to drug-therapy.^[6] [Note: phenotype frequencies are roughly double allele frequencies -tabled values- when allele frequency is less than 30%]

References[edit]

^ Ways JP, Coppin HL, Parham P (1985). "The complete primary structure of HLA-Bw58". J. Biol. Chem. 260 (22): 11924–33. PMID 2995352.
^ Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, et al. (2005). "Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2004". Tissue Antigens 65 (4): 301–69. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00379.x. PMID 15787720.
^ derived from IMGT/HLA
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens 61 (5): 403–7. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x. PMID 12753660.
^ Chung WH, Hung SI, Chen YT (August 2007). "Human leukocyte antigens and drug hypersensitivity". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 7 (4): 317–23. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e3282370c5f. PMID 17620823.
^ http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/InfoSheets/HCP/abacavirHCP.htm FDA abacavir alert web access July 29, 2008

UpToDate Contents

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4. アバカビル過敏反応 abacavir hypersensitivity reaction
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English Journal

Lower HIV Provirus Levels Are Associated with More APOBEC3G Protein in Blood Resting Memory CD4+ T Lymphocytes of Controllers In Vivo.

De Pasquale M, Kourteva Y, Allos T, D'Aquila RT.SourceDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Oct 16;8(10):e76002. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076002.
Immunodeficiency does not progress for prolonged periods in some HLA B57- and/or B27-positive subjects with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection, even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). These "controllers" have fewer HIV provirus-containing peripheral blood mononuclear ce
PMID 24146808

Genetic Architecture of HIV Type 1 Nef and Tat from HLA-B57-Typed Long-Term Survivors in an Indian Cohort of Perinatally HIV-Infected Children.

Neogi U, Palchaudhuri R, Bommana S, Shet A.Source1 Hematology Research Unit , Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India .
AIDS research and human retroviruses.AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.2013 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral genes nef and tat play an important role in disease progression. In this study we characterized the Nef and Tat proteins from a group of HLA-B57 typed pediatric perinatally infected long-term survivors (LTS) with ≥10 years of infection. We
PMID 24020900

High Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Responses Are Correlated with Strong CD8 T Cell Viral Suppressive Activity but Not with B57 Status in HIV-1 Elite Controllers.

Lambotte O, Pollara J, Boufassa F, Moog C, Venet A, Haynes BF, Delfraissy JF, Saez-Cirion A, Ferrari G.SourceINSERM, U1012, Bicêtre, France ; AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, Bicêtre, France ; University Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Sep 23;8(9):e74855. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074855.
The role of Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses in HIV-1 controllers is still unclear due to the heterogeneity of these patients. We analyzed 67 HIV-1 controllers and found significantly higher levels of ADCC antibodies in controllers versus viremic subjects (p = 0.017). Mo
PMID 24086385

Japanese Journal

HIVワクチン開発の可能性 : 立ちはだかる根幹問題と今後の展望

武部豊
臨床とウイルス 38(4), 243-259, 2010-10-30
NAID 10027747974

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