WordNet

the absence of symmetry about an axis
relating to or near the radius; "the radial aspect of the forearm"
pneumatic tire that has radial-ply casing (同)radial tire, radial-ply_tire
arranged like rays or radii; radiating from a common center; "radial symmetry"; "a starlike or stellate arrangement of petals"; "many cities show a radial pattern of main highways" (同)stellate, radiate
issuing in rays from a common center; relating to rays of light; "radial heat"
relating to or moving along or having the direction of a radius; "radial velocity"
(mathematics) a lack of symmetry (同)dissymmetry, imbalance

PrepTutorEJDIC

光線の / 放射状の / 半径の
=radial-ply tire

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1. 成人患者における重度の四肢外傷 severe extremity injury in the adult patient
2. 成人における橈骨頭および橈骨頚部の骨折 radial head and neck fractures in adults
3. 小児における前腕近位部骨折 proximal fractures of the forearm in children
4. Midshaft ulna and radius fractures in adults
5. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要 overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes

English Journal

How the Dynamic Properties and Functional Mechanisms of GPCRs Are Modulated by Their Coupling to the Membrane Environment.

Mondal S, Khelashvili G, Johner N, Weinstein H.Author information Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Room E-509, 1300 York Avenue, 10065, New York City, NY, USA.AbstractExperimental observations of the dependence of function and organization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on their lipid environment have stimulated new quantitative studies of the coupling between the proteins and the membrane. It is important to develop such a quantitative understanding at the molecular level because the effects of the coupling are seen to be physiologically and clinically significant. Here we review findings that offer insight into how membrane-GPCR coupling is connected to the structural characteristics of the GPCR, from sequence to 3D structural detail, and how this coupling is involved in the actions of ligands on the receptor. The application of a recently developed computational approach designed for quantitative evaluation of membrane remodeling and the energetics of membrane-protein interactions brings to light the importance of the radial asymmetry of the membrane-facing surface of GPCRs in their interaction with the surrounding membrane. As the radial asymmetry creates adjacencies of hydrophobic and polar residues at specific sites of the GPCR, the ability of membrane remodeling to achieve complete hydrophobic matching is limited, and the residual mismatch carries a significant energy cost. The adjacencies are shown to be affected by ligand-induced conformational changes. Thus, functionally important organization of GPCRs in the cell membrane can depend both on ligand-determined properties and on the lipid composition of various membrane regions with different remodeling capacities. That this functionally important reorganization can be driven by oligomerization patterns that reduce the energy cost of the residual mismatch, suggests a new perspective on GPCR dimerization and ligand-GPCR interactions. The relation between the modulatory effects on GPCRs from the binding of specific cell-membrane components, e.g., cholesterol, and those produced by the non-local energetics of hydrophobic mismatch are discussed in this context.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2014;796:55-74. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7423-0_4.
Experimental observations of the dependence of function and organization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on their lipid environment have stimulated new quantitative studies of the coupling between the proteins and the membrane. It is important to develop such a quantitative understanding at t
PMID 24158801

Foraging by a wood-decomposing fungus is ecologically adaptive.

Darrah PR, Fricker MD.Author information Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.AbstractWe show that fungi that forage for wood do not conform to the paradigm of symmetric radial growth and grow asymmetrically by default. Asymmetry is further accentuated by contact with a resource that also partially polarizes growth in the direction of the resource. Despite marked changes at the perimeter, overall growth allocation on an area basis is, however, unchanged implying sophisticated regulation at the colony level. Using mathematical models, we show that this behaviour is best explained as a local response of the immediate segment contacting the resource. The model reveals that foraging behaviour is adaptive but only for resources that are clustered in space and is selectively neutral for randomly scattered resources. This clustered spatial distribution matches that found in the natural environment. Modelling also shows that the foraging strategy used by these fungi involves substantial risks as well as benefits.
Environmental microbiology.Environ Microbiol.2014 Jan;16(1):118-29. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12216. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
We show that fungi that forage for wood do not conform to the paradigm of symmetric radial growth and grow asymmetrically by default. Asymmetry is further accentuated by contact with a resource that also partially polarizes growth in the direction of the resource. Despite marked changes at the perim
PMID 23947589

Diffusion tensor imaging and MR morphometry of the central auditory pathway and auditory cortex in aging.

Profant O1, Skoch A2, Balogová Z3, Tintěra J2, Hlinka J4, Syka J5.Author information 1Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: profant@biomed.cas.cz.2MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.3Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.4Department of Nonlinear Modeling, Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.5Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.AbstractAge-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is caused mainly by the hypofunction of the inner ear, but recent findings point also toward a central component of presbycusis. We used MR morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a 3T MR system with the aim to study the state of the central auditory system in a group of elderly subjects (>65years) with mild presbycusis, in a group of elderly subjects with expressed presbycusis and in young controls. Cortical reconstruction, volumetric segmentation and auditory pathway tractography were performed. Three parameters were evaluated by morphometry: the volume of the gray matter, the surface area of the gyrus and the thickness of the cortex. In all experimental groups the surface area and gray matter volume were larger on the left side in Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale and slightly larger in the gyrus frontalis superior, whereas they were larger on the right side in the primary visual cortex. Almost all of the measured parameters were significantly smaller in the elderly subjects in Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale and gyrus frontalis superior. Aging did not change the side asymmetry (laterality) of the gyri. In the central part of the auditory pathway above the inferior colliculus, a trend toward an effect of aging was present in the axial vector of the diffusion (L1) variable of DTI, with increased values observed in elderly subjects. A trend toward a decrease of L1 on the left side, which was more pronounced in the elderly groups, was observed. The effect of hearing loss was present in subjects with expressed presbycusis as a trend toward an increase of the radial vectors (L2L3) in the white matter under Heschl's gyrus. These results suggest that in addition to peripheral changes, changes in the central part of the auditory system in elderly subjects are also present; however, the extent of hearing loss does not play a significant role in the central changes.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2013 Dec 13. pii: S0306-4522(13)01019-1. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.010. [Epub ahead of print]
Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is caused mainly by the hypofunction of the inner ear, but recent findings point also toward a central component of presbycusis. We used MR morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a 3T MR system with the aim to study the state of the central auditor
PMID 24333969

Japanese Journal

ULF waves in the outer magnetosphere : Geotail observation 1 transverse waves

Kokubun Susumu
Earth, planets and space 65(5), 411-433, 2013-05-01
NAID 10031182446

MMG上経年的に悪性所見を明瞭化させたradial scar様硬化性病変を伴ったpapillomasの１例

有村俊寛,高碕隆志
日本乳癌検診学会誌 22(2), 343-347, 2013
… 診断MMGで「構築の乱れを伴ったfocal asymmetry」を認めた。 … 病理検査でradial scar様硬化性病変を伴ったpapillomasと診断した。 … 過去の検診MMGの見直しと病理組織像との対比より，「構築の乱れ」とその明瞭化はradial scar様硬化性病変の発生，発達が主に反映されたものと思われた。 …
NAID 130005072515

異極性スフェロマック合体におけるリコネクション面内電場の形成

神納康宏,井上静雄,井通暁,小野靖
電気学会論文誌. A 133(7), 412-413, 2013
… In counter-helicity spheromak merging, reconnection of opposing toroidal magnetic fields generates the radial gradient of electrostatic potential which causes asymmetry in the radial ion outflow pattern. …
NAID 130003362825