WordNet

relating to or near the radius; "the radial aspect of the forearm"
pneumatic tire that has radial-ply casing (同)radial tire, radial-ply_tire
arranged like rays or radii; radiating from a common center; "radial symmetry"; "a starlike or stellate arrangement of petals"; "many cities show a radial pattern of main highways" (同)stellate, radiate
issuing in rays from a common center; relating to rays of light; "radial heat"
relating to or moving along or having the direction of a radius; "radial velocity"

PrepTutorEJDIC

光線の / 放射状の / 半径の
=radial-ply tire

English Journal

Spatial organization of NG2 glial cells and astrocytes in rat hippocampal CA1 region.

Xu G1, Wang W, Zhou M.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.AbstractSimilar to astrocytes, NG2 glial cells are uniformly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about the interspatial relationship, nor the functional interactions between these two star-shaped glial subtypes. Confocal morphometric analysis showed that NG2 immunostained cells are spatially organized as domains in rat hippocampal CA1 region and that each NG2 glial domain occupies a spatial volume of ∼178, 364 μm(3) . The processes of NG2 glia and astrocytes overlap extensively; each NG2 glial domain interlaces with the processes deriving from 5.8 ± 0.4 neighboring astrocytes, while each astrocytic domain accommodates processes stemming from 4.5 ± 0.3 abutting NG2 glia. In CA1 stratum radiatum, the cell bodies of morphologically identified glial cells often appear to make direct somatic-somata contact, termed as doublets. We used dual patch recording and postrecording NG2/GFAP double staining to determine the glial identities of these doublets. We show that among 44 doublets, 50% were NG2 glia-astrocyte pairs, while another 38.6% and 11.4% were astrocyte-astrocyte and NG2 glia-NG2 glia pairs, respectively. In dual patch recording, neither electrical coupling nor intercellular biocytin transfer was detected in astrocyte-NG2 glia or NG2 glia-NG2 glia doublets. Altogether, although NG2 glia and astrocytes are not gap junction coupled, their cell bodies and processes are interwoven extensively. The anatomical and physiological relationships revealed in this study should facilitate future studies to understand the metabolic coupling and functional communication between NG2 glia and astrocytes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampus.Hippocampus.2014 Apr;24(4):383-95. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22232. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
Similar to astrocytes, NG2 glial cells are uniformly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about the interspatial relationship, nor the functional interactions between these two star-shaped glial subtypes. Confocal morphometric analysis showed that NG2 immunostain
PMID 24339242

Evaluation of clinical safety and anthelmintic efficacy of aurixazole administed orally at 24 mg/kg in cattle.

Sakamoto CA1, Lopes WD2, Buzzulini C1, Cruz BC1, Felippelli G1, Teixeira WF1, Silva HM1, Santana LF1, Soares VE1, Henrique CH3, de Oliveira GP1, da Costa AJ1.Author information 1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.2Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: wdzlopes@hotmail.com.3Ouro Fino Agronegócios, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 298, Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil. CEP: 14140-000.AbstractThe current study evaluated, in vivo, the clinical safety and the anthelmintic efficacy of 24% aurixazole (24 mg/kg), administered orally, in bovines. Two experiments were conducted: the first one evaluating the clinical safety of 24% aurixazole (24 mg/kg) in cattle, and a second one evaluating the anthelmintic efficacy of aurixazole (24 mg/kg) against gastrointestinal nematodes on naturally infected cattle. Based on the results of clinical safety, no alterations on clinical and haematological signs and on the biochemical values obtained in animals treated orally with aurixazole 24 mg/kg were observed. Regarding the results of reduction or efficacy, obtained by eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) counts, the formulation of aurixazole reached values superior to 99% (arithmetic means) in all post-treatment dates. In two occasions, this formulation reached maximum efficacy (100%). Comparing these results with the reduction percentages obtained by EPG counts, it is possible to verify that the values obtained by all three formulations were compatible with the efficacy results. Aurixazole reached maximum efficacy (100%) against Haemonchus placei, Cooperia spatulata and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Against Cooperia punctata, this formulation reached an efficacy index of 99.99%. Regarding aurixazole, no specific trials were conducted on the field in order to evaluate the behaviour of this molecule against helminths that are resistant to other molecules, specially isolated levamisole and disophenolat. Due to this fact, future studies will be necessary to assess the effectiveness of aurixazole against strains of nematodes that are resistant to levamisole and disophenolat, but the results of clinical safety and efficacy described in this study allow us to conclude that the aurixazole molecule, concomitantly with other measures and orally administered formulations, can be another important tool in the control of nematodes parasitizing bovines.
Research in veterinary science.Res Vet Sci.2014 Mar 18. pii: S0034-5288(14)00055-1. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.007. [Epub ahead of print]
The current study evaluated, in vivo, the clinical safety and the anthelmintic efficacy of 24% aurixazole (24 mg/kg), administered orally, in bovines. Two experiments were conducted: the first one evaluating the clinical safety of 24% aurixazole (24 mg/kg) in cattle, and a second one evaluating
PMID 24656344

Reduced expression of Phospholipase C beta in hippocampal interneuron during pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in mice.

Liu JX1, Hu M1, Chen XL1, Xu JH2, Yang PB2, Zhang JS1, Liu Y3.Author information 1Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China.2Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China.3Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address: liuy5599@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.AbstractWe investigated localization of Phospholipase C beta (PLCβ1 and PLCβ4) in laminaes of dorsal hippocampus and different subtypes of hippocampal interneurons in normal Kunming mouse, and their progressive changes during pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) by quantitative immunohistochemistry and real time PCR. PLCβ1 was observed in the pyramidal layer of CA1-3 area, hilus of the dentate gyrus, whereas PLCβ4 was mainly expressed in calcium binding protein positive interneurons, i.e. calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin positive interneurons in the strata oriens, radiatum of the CA area and hilus of the dentate gyrus. During pilocarpine induced SE, a temporary down-regulation of PLCβ4 in the interneurons of CA area at SE 30min, and a progressive reduction of PLCβ1/PLCβ4 in dentate hilar cells were demonstrated. These findings confirm and extend the regional specific distribution of PLCβ1 and PLCβ4 immunoreactivity in mouse hippocampus, and suggest that PLCβ1 and PLCβ4 may play an important role in maintenance of the status epilepticus.
Neurochemistry international.Neurochem Int.2014 Mar;68:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.009. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
We investigated localization of Phospholipase C beta (PLCβ1 and PLCβ4) in laminaes of dorsal hippocampus and different subtypes of hippocampal interneurons in normal Kunming mouse, and their progressive changes during pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) by quantitative immunohistochemistry
PMID 24480781

Japanese Journal

Gross anatomical tractography (GAT) proposed a change from the 'Two laminae concept' to the 'Neuronal unit concept' on the structure of the human hippocampus

, ,
Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 89(4), 147-156, 2013
… The stratum radiatum, lacunosum and moleculare were differentially dissected. …
NAID 130004495120

オオシマトビケラ Macrostemum radiatum(McLachlan)(トビケラ目 : シマトビケラ科)の福島県からの記録

塘忠顕,大平創
福島生物 (55), 39-41, 2012-08
NAID 40019835706

Accumulating Microglia Phagocytose Injured Neurons in Hippocampal Slice Cultures : Involvement of p38 MAP Kinase

Katayama Takahiro,Kobayashi Hayato,Okamura Toshiyuki,Yamasaki-Katayama Yuko,Kibayashi Tatsuya,Kimura Hiroshi,Ohsawa Keiko,Kohsaka Shinichi,Minami Masabumi
PLoS One 7(7), e40813, 2012-07-17
… There was no difference in the number of proliferating microglia between control and NMDA-treated slices in both the pyramidal cell layer and stratum radiatum, suggesting that microglial accumulation in the injured areas is mainly due to microglial migration, not to proliferation. …
NAID 120004448534