白交連
WordNet
- of summer nights in northern latitudes where the sun barely sets; "white nights"
- the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black) (同)whiteness
- (board games) the lighter pieces
- restricted to whites only; "under segregation there were even white restrooms and white drinking fountains"; "a lily-white movement which would expel Negroes from the organization" (同)lily-white
- marked by the presence of snow; "a white Christmas"; "the white hills of a northern winter" (同)snowy
- glowing white with heat; "white flames"; "a white-hot center of the fire" (同)white-hot
- (of hair) having lost its color; "the white hairs of old age" (同)whitened
- (of coffee) having cream or milk added
- being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; "as white as fresh snow"; "a brides white dress"
- benevolent; without malicious intent; "thats white of you"
- free from moral blemish or impurity; unsullied; "in shining white armor"
- of or belonging to a racial group having light skin coloration; "voting patterns within the white population"
- United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918) (同)Andrew D. White, Andrew Dickson White
- United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985) (同)E. B. White, Elwyn Brooks White
- United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921) (同)Edward White, Edward D. White, Edward Douglas White Jr.
- Australian writer (1912-1990) (同)Patrick White, Patrick Victor Martindale White
- United States architect (1853-1906) (同)Stanford White
- United States political journalist (1915-1986) (同)T. H. White, Theodore Harold White
- a member of the Caucasoid race (同)White person, Caucasian
- a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri (同)White River
- a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus (同)Merlangus merlangus, Gadus merlangus
- a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
- any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
- flesh of a cod-like fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe
- flesh of any of a number of slender food fishes especially of Atlantic coasts of North America
- a bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the brain or spinal cord
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『白』,白色 / 〈U〉〈C〉白いもの;(特に)『卵の白身』 / 〈U〉『白衣』,白色の服;《しばしば複数形で》白の制服(運動着など) / 〈C〉白人 / 『白い』,白色の,純白の / (恐怖で人・顔・唇などが)『青白い』,血の気のない(pale) / (皮膚の色の)白い,白人の / (髪・ひげなどが)銀色の,改色の / 雪のある,雪の積もった / 《おもに古》潔白の,罪のない / 《英》(コーヒーが)ミルク入りの / …‘を'白くする,漂白する
- ニベ(北米産);タラ(欧州産)
- (銀の研摩剤に用いる)胡粉,白亜(chalk);漂白剤
- 微量(bit)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/04/09 18:59:28」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
This article is about the anterior commissure of the spinal cord. For the anterior commissure of the brain, see Anterior commissure.
Anterior white commissure of the spinal cord |
Fig. 664– Transverse section of the medulla
spinalis in the mid-thoracic region.
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The white commissure is highlighted in green.
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Details |
Identifiers |
Latin |
Commissura alba anterior medullae spinalis, alba anterior medullae spinalis |
NeuroNames |
Ancil-928 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
c_49/12251955 |
TA |
A14.1.02.305 |
FMA |
77035 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
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The anterior white commissure (ventral white commissure) is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior (in front of) to the gray commissure (Rexed lamina X). A delta fibers (Aδ fibers) and C fibers carrying pain sensation in the spinothalamic tract contribute to this commissure, as do fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract, which carry motor signals from the primary motor cortex.
Two of the five sensory modalities, pain and temperature, cross sides at the anterior white commissure, reaching the contralateral side about two vertebral levels rostral to their origin. The spinothalamic tract thus decussates very soon after entering the spinal cord, ascending in the spinal cord, contralateral to the side from where it provides (pain and temperature) sensory information. Therefore, a lesion that is caudal to the sensory decussation where the remaining 3/5 modalities decussate (at the superior medulla) will result in contralateral (opposite sided) pain and temperature loss (as this has already crossed over at the anterior white commissure), whereas loss of touch, pressure, and proprioception will be ipsilateral (same sided) as these have not yet crossed over.
The spinal cord
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General features |
- Cervical enlargement
- Lumbar enlargement
- Conus medullaris
- Filum terminale
- Cauda equina
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Grey matter |
Posterior grey column |
- Marginal nucleus
- Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- Nucleus proprius
- Spinal lamina V
- Spinal lamina VI
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Lateral grey column |
- Intermediolateral nucleus
- Posterior thoracic nucleus
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Anterior grey column |
- Interneuron
- Alpha motor neuron
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Other |
- Rexed laminae
- Central gelatinous substance
- Gray commissure
- Central canal
- Terminal ventricle
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White matter |
Sensory |
Posterior |
- Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway:
- Gracile
- Cuneate
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Lateral: |
- Spinocerebellar
- Spinothalamic
- Posterolateral
- Spinotectal
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- Spinoreticular tract
- Spino-olivary tract
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Motor |
Lateral |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Rubrospinal
- Olivospinal
- Raphespinal
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Anterior |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Vestibulospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Tectospinal
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Both |
- Anterior white commissure
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External features |
- Ventral
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Dorsal
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
PCML |
1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain |
Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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Extrapyramidal |
flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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Basal ganglia |
direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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nigrostriatal pathway: |
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Cerebellar |
Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The intellectual disability protein PAK3 regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation.
- Maglorius Renkilaraj MR1, Baudouin L2, M Wells C3, Doulazmi M4, Wehrlé R1, Cannaya V1, Bachelin C2, Barnier JV5, Jia Z6, Nait Oumesmar B2, Dusart I1, Bouslama-Oueghlani L7.
- Neurobiology of disease.Neurobiol Dis.2017 Feb;98:137-148. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 6.
- Oligodendrocyte and myelin deficits have been reported in mental/psychiatric diseases. The p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3), a serine/threonine kinase, whose activity is stimulated by the binding of active Rac and Cdc42 GTPases is affected in these pathologies. Indeed, many mutations of Pak3 gene have
- PMID 27940202
- Disorder-Specific Alteration in White Matter Structural Property in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Relative to Adults With ADHD and Adult Controls.
- Chiang HL1,2,3, Chen YJ4, Lin HY1, Tseng WI4,5,6, Gau SS1,2,5.
- Human brain mapping.Hum Brain Mapp.2017 Jan;38(1):384-395. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23367. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
- OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not only often comorbid but also overlapped in behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. Little is known about whether these shared phenotypes are based on common or different underlying neuropathologies.
- PMID 27630075
- Tract-specific atrophy in focal epilepsy: disease, genetics or seizures?
- Vaughan DN1,2,3, Raffelt D1, Curwood E1, Tsai MH4,5, Tournier JD6,7, Connelly A1,2, Jackson GD1,2,3.
- Annals of neurology.Ann Neurol.2016 Dec 23. doi: 10.1002/ana.24848. [Epub ahead of print]
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether genetics, underlying pathology or repeated seizures contribute to atrophy in specific white matter tracts.METHODS: Medically-refractory unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS-TLE, n=26) was studied as an archetype of focal epilepsy, using f
- PMID 28009132
Japanese Journal
- See-through Brains and Diffusion Tensor MRI Clarified Fiber Connections: A Preliminary Microstructural Study in a Mouse with Callosal Agenesis
- See-through Brains and Diffusion Tensor MRI Clarified Fiber Connections: A Preliminary Microstructural Study in a Mouse with Callosal Agenesis
- 口角をまたぐAbbe-Estlander flapにおける一期的口角形成の工夫
Related Links
- white com·mis·sure a narrow band of white matter that crosses the midline of the spinal cord posterior to the central canal and posterior gray commissure (posterior white commissure [TA]) and anterior to the central canal and the ...
- Q. All of the following are correct about spinal cord except? (AIPGMEE 2012) The efferent nerve fibers originate from the anterior horn cells The central canal in situated in the White commissure It has grey matter core with white matter ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- white commissure
- ラ
- commissura alba
- 同
- 白前交連
- 関
- 灰白交連、脊髄、前正中裂
[★]
- 関
- Caucasian、leuco、leuko、whites
[★]
- 関
- Caucasian、white
[★]