WordNet

imprudently incurring risk; "do something rash that he will forever repent"- George Meredith
any red eruption of the skin (同)roseola, efflorescence, skin_rash
a series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences; "a rash of bank robberies"; "a blizzard of lawsuits" (同)blizzard
relating to or caused by a virus; "viral infection"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・行動などが)『向こう見ずな』,無分別な(reckless);性急な
発疹(はっしん)
ウィルスの;ウィルスが原因の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/19 17:22:21」(JST)

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An exanthem (from Greek ἐξάνθημα exánthēma, "a breaking out"^[1]) is a widespread rash usually occurring in children. An exanthem can be caused by toxins, drugs, or microorganisms, or can result from autoimmune disease.

It can be contrasted with an enanthem.

Types

Historically, six "classical" infectious childhood exanthems have been recognized,^[2] four of which are viral. Numbers were provided in 1905.^[3]

The four viral exanthema have much in common, and are often studied together as a class. They include:

Name	Number	Virus
(rubeola) measles	"first disease"	measles virus
rubella, ("German Measles") identified in 1881.^[4]	"third disease"	rubella virus
erythema infectiosum, identified as a distinct condition in 1896.^[5]	"fifth disease"	parvovirus B19
roseola infantum	"sixth disease"	HHV-6 and HHV-7

Scarlet fever, or "second disease", is associated with the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. (Measles and scarlet fever were distinguished in the 17th century.^[4]) Fourth disease, a condition whose existence is not widely accepted today, was described in 1900 and is postulated to be related to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.^[4]

Many other common viruses apart from the ones mentioned above can also produce an exanthem as part of their presentation, though they are not considered part of the classic numbered list:

Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox or shingles)
Mumps
rhinovirus (the common cold)
unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood
Some types of viral haemorrhagic fever are also known to produce a systemic rash of this kind during the progression of the disease.
Tick-borne diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever produce a rash that may become extensive enough so as to be classified as exanthemous in as many as 90% of children with the disease.^[6]

Prevention

Vaccinations now exist against measles, mumps, rubella (as a part of the MMR vaccine) and chickenpox.^[7]

References

^ "Roseola Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com".
^ Bialecki C, Feder HM, Grant-Kels JM (November 1989). "The six classic childhood exanthems: a review and update". J Am Acad Dermatol. 21 (5 Pt 1): 891–903. PMID 2681288.
^ "fifth disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ ^a ^b ^c Weisse ME (January 2001). "The fourth disease, 1900-2000". Lancet 357 (9252): 299–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03623-0. PMID 11214144.
^ Altman, Lawrence K (November 30, 1982). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
^ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/r/rr5504.pdf
^ Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. (2005). Medical Microbiology (Medical Microbiology). Mosby Elsevier. p. 700. ISBN 0-323-03303-2.

External links

Overview at About.com
Definition at MedTerms
Differential diagnosis
Dermatology Quiz Includes photo, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE).

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児ばら疹（突発性発疹） roseola infantum exanthem subitum
2. 斑状の皮膚病変を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with macular skin lesions
3. 免疫能の正常な患者における発熱および発疹 fever and rash in the immunocompetent patient
4. 小児における非定型性発疹 atypical exanthems in children
5. エンテロウイルスおよびパレコウイルス感染の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of enterovirus and parechovirus infections

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