- 同
- 前庭神経
WordNet
- any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
- relating to the sense of equilibrium
- control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/16 03:17:47」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Nerve: Vestibular nerve |
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| Inner ear illustration showing semicircular canal, hair cells, ampulla, cupula, vestibular nerve, & fluid |
|
Terminal nuclei of the vestibular nerve, with their upper connections. (Schematic.)
1. Cochlear nerve, with its two nuclei.
2. Accessory nucleus.
3. Tuberculum acusticum.
4. Vestibular nerve.
5. Internal nucleus.
6. Nucleus of Deiters.
7. Nucleus of Bechterew.
8. Inferior or descending root of acoustic.
9. Ascending cerebellar fibers.
10. Fibers going to raphé.
11. Fibers taking an oblique course.
12. Lemniscus.
13. Inferior sensory root of trigeminal.
14. Cerebrospinal fasciculus.
15. Raphé.
16. Fourth ventricle.
17. Inferior peduncle. Origin of striæ medullares. |
| Latin |
Nervus vestibularis |
| Gray's |
subject #203 906 |
| From |
Vestibulocochlear nerve |
| MeSH |
Vestibular+Nerve |
The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). In humans the vestibular nerve transmits sensory information transmitted by vestibular hair cells located in the two otolith organs (the utricle and the saccule) and the three semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion. Information from the otolith organs reflects gravity and linear accelerations of the head. Information from the semicircular canals reflects rotational movement of the head. Both are necessary for the sensation of body position and gaze stability in relation to a moving environment.
Axons of the vestibular nerve synapse in the vestibular nucleus on the lateral floor and wall of the fourth ventricle in the pons and medulla.
It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus.
Contents
- 1 Branches
- 2 Anatomy and function
- 3 Symptoms of damage
- 4 Rehabilitation
- 5 See also
- 6 Additional images
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Branches[edit]
The peripheral fibers divide into three branches (some sources list two):[1]
- the superior branch passes through the foramina in the area vestibularis superior and ends in the utricle and in the ampullae of the superior and lateral semicircular ducts;
- the fibers of the inferior branch traverse the foramina in the area vestibularis inferior and end in the saccule;
- the posterior branch runs through the foramen singulare and supplies the ampulla of the posterior semicircular duct.
Anatomy and function[edit]
The primary role of the vestibular nerve is to transform vestibular information (related to balance) into an egocentric frame of reference based on the position of the head in relation to the body.[2] The vestibular nerve dynamically updates the frame of reference of motor movement based on the orientation of the head in relation to the body. As an example, when standing upright and facing forward, if you wished to tilt your head to the right you would need to perform a slight leftward motor movement (shifting more of your weight to your left side) to maintain balance. While the head is still in motion, the response magnitude of alteration to motor coordinates is significantly reduced when compared to when the head is fixated in one position.[2]
Symptoms of damage[edit]
Due to its role in transforming motor coordinates, the vestibular nerve implicitly plays a role in maintaining stable blood pressure during movement, maintaining balance control, spatial memory and spatial navigation.[3] The most common causes of damage to the vestibular nerve are exposure to ototoxic antibiotics, Ménière's disease, encephalitis and some rare autoimmune disorders.[3] Typically, patients with a damaged nerve suffer from acute attacks of vertigo accompanied by nausea/vomiting, inability to maintain posture and horizontal nystagmus.[4]
Rehabilitation[edit]
Rapid compensation to damage of the vestibular nerve occurs within seven to ten days of receiving the damage. A small percentage of patients with damage to the vestibular nerve experience recurrent symptoms.[4] These patients have not been able to undergo vestibular compensation and are left with long-term attacks of vertigo. By administering betahistine to the damaged nerve over a long period of time, the process of vestibular compensation can be accelerated to alleviate symptoms. Patients can also learn strategies to recover their balance through physical therapy.[5]
See also[edit]
Additional images[edit]
-
Illustration of otolith organs
References[edit]
- ^ eMedicine - Anatomy of the Vestibular System : Article by Steve C Lee
- ^ a b Osler, Callum; Reynolds, Raymond (26). Dynamic transformation of vestibular signals for orientation (Exp Brain Res). doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3250-1.
- ^ a b McCall, Andrew; Yates, Bill (27). "Compensation following bilateral vestibular damage". frontiers in NEUROLOGY. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00088. Retrieved 11/10/12.
- ^ a b Fundakowski, Christopher; Joshua Anderson; Simon Angeli (2012). "Cross-Sectional Vestibular Nerve Analysis in Vestibular Neuritis". Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 121(7): 466–470.
- ^ Georgescu, Madalina; Sorina Stoian, Carmen Mogoanta (27). "Vestibulary rehabilitation – election treatment method for compensating vestibular impairment". Romanian Journal of Morphology & Embryology. 53(3): 651–656.
This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.
External links[edit]
- Vestibular+nerve at eMedicine Dictionary
- Illustration at dizziness-and-balance.com
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Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)
|
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| terminal (SN->0) |
|
|
| olfactory (AON->I) |
- olfactory bulb
- olfactory tract
|
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| optic (LGN->II) |
|
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oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III) |
- superior branch
- parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
- inferior branch
|
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| trochlear (TN->IV) |
|
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trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V) |
- trigeminal ganglion
- ophthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
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| abducens (AN->VI) |
|
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| facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII) |
| near origin |
- nervus intermedius
- geniculate
|
|
inside
facial canal |
- greater petrosal
- nerve to the stapedius
- chorda tympani
- lingual nerve
- submandibular ganglion
|
|
at stylomastoid
foramen |
- posterior auricular
- suprahyoid
- parotid plexus
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
|
|
|
vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII) |
- cochlear
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
- vestibular
|
|
glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX) |
| before jugular fossa |
|
|
| after jugular fossa |
- tympanic
- tympanic plexus
- lesser petrosal
- otic ganglion
- stylopharyngeal branch
- pharyngeal branches
- tonsillar branches
- lingual branches
- carotid sinus
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|
|
vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X) |
| before jugular fossa |
|
|
| after jugular fossa |
- meningeal branch
- auricular branch
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| neck |
- pharyngeal branch
- superior laryngeal
- recurrent laryngeal (inferior)
- superior cervical cardiac
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| thorax |
- inferior cardiac
- pulmonary
- vagal trunks
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| abdomen |
- celiac
- renal
- hepatic
- anterior gastric
- posterior gastric
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|
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| accessory (NA, SAN->XI) |
|
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| hypoglossal (HN->XII) |
|
|
|
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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|
|
|
|
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Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029)
|
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| Outer ear |
- Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe)
- Ear canal
- Auricular muscles
- Eardrum (Umbo
- Pars flaccida)
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| Middle ear |
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Tympanic cavity
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- Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window
- Round window
- Secondary tympanic membrane
- Prominence of facial canal
- Promontory of tympanic cavity
- Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cells
- Aditus to mastoid antrum
- Pyramidal eminence
- Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess
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|
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Ossicles
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- Malleus (Neck of malleus, Superior ligament of malleus, Lateral ligament of malleus, Anterior ligament of malleus)
- Incus (Superior ligament of incus, Posterior ligament of incus)
- Stapes (Anular ligament of stapes)
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Muscles
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Eustachian tube
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- Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube
- Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius)
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Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth) |
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Auditory system
Cochlear labyrinth
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General cochlea
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- Scala vestibuli
- Helicotrema
- Scala tympani
- Modiolus
- Cochlear cupula
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Perilymphatic space
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- Perilymph
- Cochlear aqueduct
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|
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Cochlear duct /
scala media
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- Reissner's/vestibular membrane
- Basilar membrane
- Reticular membrane
- Endolymph
- Stria vascularis
- Spiral ligament
- Organ of Corti: Stereocilia
- Tectorial membrane
- Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus)
- Spiral limbus
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Cells
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- Claudius cell
- Boettcher cell
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Vestibular system/
Vestibular labyrinth
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- Static/translations/vestibule/endolymphatic duct: Utricle (Macula)
- Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac)
- Kinocilium
- Otolith
- Vestibular aqueduct
- Canalis reuniens
- Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal)
- Ampullary cupula
- Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)
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Auditory and vestibular pathways
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| Auditory |
- inner ear: Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII →
- pons: Cochlear nuclei (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →
- midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi →
- thalamus: Medial geniculate nuclei →
- cerebrum: Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex
|
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| Vestibular |
- inner ear: Vestibular nerve VIII →
- pons: Vestibular nuclei (Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus)
- cerebellum: Flocculonodular lobe
- spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
- thalamus: Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- cerebrum: Vestibular cortex
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Use of flexible CO(2) laser fiber in microsurgery for vestibular schwannoma via the middle cranial fossa approach.
- Scheich M, Ginzkey C, Harnisch W, Ehrmann D, Shehata-Dieler W, Hagen R.SourceDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany, scheich_m@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de.
- European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2012 May;269(5):1417-23. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
- The aim of this study was to analyze the results of microsurgery in vestibular schwannomas (VS) with assistance of a flexible CO(2) laser fiber (Omniguide(®)) using the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach. For that purpose we performed a prospective non-randomized clinical trial. In 20 consecutive
- PMID 21968632
- Neuropathic pain: An evolutionary hypothesis.
- Ashton JC.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Medical hypotheses.Med Hypotheses.2012 May;78(5):641-3. Epub 2012 Feb 17.
- BACKGROUND: Whereas nociceptive pain has a clear survival value, the evolutionary origins of neuropathic pain remains unexplained.OBJECTIVES: It is argued that neuropathic pain is an adaptation that has evolved to detect non-specific damage to the nervous system, and that it operates on the same pri
- PMID 22342252
Japanese Journal
- 上前庭神経障害によるめまいと考えられた不全型 Hunt 症候群症例
- Distribution of glucocorticoid receptors and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms in the rat inner ear.
- Terakado Mariko,Kumagami Hidetaka,Takahashi Haruo
- Hearing Research 280(1-2), 148-156, 2011-10
- … Immunoreactivity of GRs was detected in the stria vascularis (SV), the outer hair cells (OHCs), the inner hair cells (IHCs), the spiral ligament (SLig), the spiral limbus (SLib), the spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), Reissner's membrane (RM), the cochlear nerve (CN), the vestibular hair cells (VHCs), the dark cells (DCs), and the vestibular nerve (VN) in the rats. …
- NAID 120003307687
Related Links
- vestibular nerve n. The superior part of the vestibulocochlear nerve peripheral to the vestibulocochlear nerve root, composed of nerve processes that have their terminals on hair cells of the ampullae of the semicircular ducts and the ...
- The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve, functioning in tandem with the cochlear nerve. It has the job of transmitting data that has to do with the regulation of the sense of balance to and from the brain
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- vestibular nerve
- ラ
- nervus vestibularis, pars vestibularis
- 同
- 平衡神経
- 関
- 内耳神経
[★]
スカルパ神経節、Scarpa神経節
- 関
- vestibular nerve
[★]
外傷性前庭神経障害
[★]
- 関
- nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron
[★]
- 関
- vestibule、vestibulo