vena umbilicalis

臍静脈

WordNet

1. relating to or resembling the umbilicus; "umbilical cord"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. へその

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/29 12:55:10」(JST)

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Umbilical Vein
Fetal circulation; the umbilical vein is the large, red vessel at the far left.
Human embryo. Brain and heart represented from right side. Digestive tube and yolk sac in median section. (Umbilical vein labeled at bottom right.)
Details
Drains to	Internal iliac vein
Artery	umbilical artery
Identifiers
Latin	vena umbilicalis
Dorlands /Elsevier	Umbilical veins
TA	A12.3.12.010
FMA	70317
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The umbilical vein is a vein present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta into the growing fetus.

The blood pressure inside the umbilical vein is approximately 20 mmHg.

Fetal circulation

The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the chorionic villi. More than two-thirds of fetal hepatic circulation is via the main portal vein, while the remainder is shunted from the left portal vein via the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, eventually being delivered to the fetal right atrium.

Closure

Closure of the umbilical vein usually occurs after the umbilical arteries have closed. This prolongs the communication between the placenta and fetal heart, allowing for a sort of autotransfusion of remaining blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Within a week of birth, the neonate's umbilical vein is completely obliterated and is replaced by a fibrous cord called the round ligament of the liver (also called ligamentum teres hepatis). It extends from the umbilicus to the transverse fissure, where it joins with the falciform ligament of the liver to separate segment 4 from segments 2 and 3 of the left hepatic lobe.

Recanalization

Under extreme pressure, the round ligament may reopen to allow the passage of blood. Such recanalization may be evident in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Patients with cirrhosis experience rapid growth of scar tissue in and around the liver, often functionally obstructing nearby vessels. Vessel occlusion increases vascular resistance and therefore leads to hypertension. In portal hypertension, the vessels surrounding the liver are subjected to abnormally high blood pressure—so high, in fact, that the force of the blood pressing against the round ligament is sufficient to recanalize the structure. This leads to a condition called Caput medusae.

Catheterization

A newborn baby has a patent umbilical vein for at least a week after birth. This umbilical vein may be catheterised for ready intravenous access. It may be used as a site for regular transfusion in cases of erythroblastosis or hemolytic disease.

Additional images

• Model of human embryo 1.3 mm. long.

• Scheme of placental circulation.

• Diagram of the vascular channels in a human embryo of the second week.

• Human embryo with heart and anterior body-wall removed to show the sinus venosus and its tributaries.

• Schematic figure of the bursa omentalis, etc. Human embryo of eight weeks.

• Liver with the septum transversum. Human embryo 3 mm. long.

• Tail end of human embryo twenty-five to twenty-nine days old.

• Umbilical vein

• Human embryo, 38 mm, 8–9 weeks.

References

• Gray's s139 - "Peculiarities in the vascular system of the fetus"

External links

• Embryology at Temple Heart98/heart97a/sld020

See also

• Human umbilical vein graft
• Ductus venosus

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. Overview of antepartum fetal assessmentoverview of antepartum fetal assessment [show details]
  …heart . Ultimately, end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery ceases or reverses and resistance increases in the fetal venous system (ductus venosus, inferior vena cava) . These changes occur over variable …
• 2. 婦人科腹腔鏡下手術の概要および非経臍帯的進入overview of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery and non umbilical entry sites [show details]
  … complications when an umbilical access site is used. These include periumbilical adhesions, periumbilical mesh, umbilical or ventral hernia, large pelvic mass, and pregnancy. In addition, umbilical entry may be …
• 3. 左右シャントの病態生理pathophysiology of left to right shunts [show details]
  …from the placenta via the umbilical vein, which traverses through the liver via the ductus venosus to join the inferior vena cava (IVC) Approximately 45 percent of the umbilical venous blood enters the …
• 4. 成人における心房中隔異常（PFO、ASD、およびASA）および脳塞栓症のリスクatrial septal abnormalities pfo asd and asa and risk of cerebral emboli in adults [show details]
  …fetal circulation. In the developing fetus, oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein enters the right atrium via the inferior vena cava and is shunted into the left atrium, circumventing the noninflated …
• 5. 臍帯異常：出生前診断とマネージメントumbilical cord abnormalities prenatal diagnosis and management [show details]
  … venosus . A "right" umbilical vein is present very early in embryogenesis and then usually degenerates. Rarely, it persists as the only umbilical vein or as a fourth umbilical vessel. After birth …

English Journal

• Muscarinic-mediated vasoconstriction in human, rat and sheep umbilical cords and related vasoconstriction mechanisms.

• Chen N1, Lv J1, Bo L1, Li N1, Wu C1, Yin X1, Li J1, Tao J1, Chen J1, He Y1, Huang S1, Xiao J1, Mao C1, Xu Z1,2.
• BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.BJOG.2015 Nov;122(12):1630-9. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13144. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
• OBJECTIVE: The umbilical cord provides nutrition and oxygen to the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on umbilical cords from humans and other mammals, and the mechanisms of ACh-mediated vasoconstriction in the human umbilical cord.DESIGN: Human and anim
• PMID 25403992

• The Role of Maternal Gestational Diabetes in Inducing Fetal Endothelial Dysfunction.

• Sultan SA1, Liu W2, Peng Y2, Roberts W3, Whitelaw D4, Graham AM3.
• Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Nov;230(11):2695-705. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24993.
• Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to be associated with fetal endothelial dysfunction, however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study examines the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal endothelial function and gene expression under physiological glucose conditions (5 mM). H
• PMID 25808705

• Human Placenta-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Involved in Placental Angiogenesis via the PDGF-BB and STAT3 Pathways.

• Chen CY1, Liu SH1, Chen CY1, Chen PC1, Chen CP2.
• Biology of reproduction.Biol Reprod.2015 Oct;93(4):103. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131250. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
• We studied the smooth muscle cell differentiation capability of human placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hPMSCs) and identified how endothelial cells recruit hPMSCs participating in vessel formation. hPMSCs from term placentas were induced to differentiate into smooth muscle cells unde
• PMID 26353894

Japanese Journal

• 犬の肝臓外科に関する研究:1. 犬の肝血管系とくに門脈, 肝静脈の主要分岐形式と各肝葉別全肝重量比について

• 日本獣医師会雑誌 22(8), 343-348, 1969
• NAID 130003847033

• 猿の肝臓血管の比較解剖学的研究

• 昭和医学会雑誌 23(7), 267-279, 1963
• NAID 130001821673

• Vena cava inferior no Stenosis no Itirei

• 千葉醫學會雜誌 9(9), 1026-1035, 1931-09-28
• NAID 120005927322

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「臍静脈」
関連記事	「umbilical」「vena」

「臍静脈」

　　[★]

英

umbilical vein (KL)

ラ

vena umbilicalis

同

臍帯静脈

関

臍動脈 umbilical artery

• 胎盤で母胎血液から酸素と栄養を受け取った胎児血液は臍帯の臍静脈を経て胎児の体内にはいる(KL.24)。
• 臍静脈は肝臓にはいると分岐する(KL.24)。

• 一部は門脈を経てあるいは直接に肝臓内を流れ、肝静脈を経て下大静脈に流れ込む(KL.24)。
• 残りの大部分の血液は静脈管を経て肝臓を通過しないで直接に下大静脈に流れ込む(KL.24)。

• 出生後は退化して肝円索となる

「umbilical」

　　[★]

臍の

関

hilum、navel、umbilicus

　 　

「vena」

　　[★]

静脈

関

vein、venous