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The vasa vasorum (Latin, "the vessels of the vessels") is a network of small blood vessels that supply large blood vessels.

Function[edit]

The vasa vasorum are found in large arteries and veins such as the aorta and its branches. These small vessels serve to provide blood supply and nourishment for tunica adventitia and outer parts of tunica media of large vessels.^[1]

Classification[edit]

Studies conducted with 3-dimensional microcomputed tomography (3D Micro-CT) on porcine and human arteries from different vascular beds have shown that there are three different types of vasa vasorum:

Vasa vasorum internae, that originate directly from the main lumen of the artery and then branch into the vessel wall.
Vasa vasorum externae, that originate from branches of the main artery and then dive back into the vessel wall of the main artery.
Venous vasa vasorae, that originate within the vessel wall of the artery but then drain into the main lumen or branches of concomitant vein.^[2]

Depending on the type of vasa vasorum, it penetrates the vessel wall starting at the intimal layer (vasa vasorum interna) or the adventitial layer (vasa vasorum externa). Due to higher radial and circumferential pressures within the vessel wall layers closer to the main lumen of the artery, vasa vasorum externa cannot perfuse these regions of the vessel wall (occlusive pressure).

The structure of the vasa vasorum varies with the size, function and location of the vessels. Cells need to be within a few cell-widths of a capillary to stay alive. In the largest vessels, the vasa vasorum penetrates the outer (tunica adventitia) layer and middle (tunica media) layer almost to the inner (tunica intima) layer. In smaller vessels it penetrates only the outer layer. In the smallest vessels, the vessels' own circulation nourishes the walls directly and they have no vasa vasorum at all.

Distribution[edit]

Vasa vasorum are more frequent in veins than arteries. ^[3] Some authorities hypothesize that the vasa vasorum would be more abundant in large veins, as partial oxygen pressure and osmotic pressure is lower in veins. This would lead to more vasa vasorum needed to supply the vessels sufficiently. The converse argument is that generally artery walls are thicker and more muscular than veins as the blood passing through is of a higher pressure. This means that it would take longer for any oxygen to diffuse through to the cells in the tunica adventitia and the tunica media, causing them to need a more extensive vasa vasorum.

Associated pathologic conditions[edit]

An interesting point of fact is that, in the human descending aorta, vasa vasorum cease to supply the arterial walls with oxygenated blood at the level of the renal arteries.^[4] Thus, below this point, the aorta is dependent on diffusion for its metabolic needs, and is necessarily markedly thinner. This leads to an increased likelihood of aneurysm at this location, especially in the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Other species, such as dogs, do have vasa vasorum below their renal vasculature, and aneurysms at this site are substantially less likely. Cerebral blood vessels are devoid of vasa vasorum; however, these vessels have rete vasorum, which have similar function to vasa vasorum.^[5]

Small vessels like vasa vasorum and vasa nervorum are particularly susceptible to external mechanical compression. ^[6] and thus are involved in pathogenesis of peripheral vascular and nerve diseases.

A tear in vasa vasorum situated in tunica media layer of aorta may start pathologic cascade of events leading to aortic dissection.^[1]

Presence of corkscrew collateral vessels in vasa vasorum is a hallmark of Buerger's disease and distinguishes it from Raynaud's phenomenon.^[7]

T cells found near vasa vasorum are implicated in pathogenic process of giant cell arteritis.^[8]

Inflammation and subsequent destruction of the vasa vasorum is the cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms in tertiary syphilis. (Obliteration of the vasa vasorum results in ischemia and weakening of the aortic adventitia, leading to aneurysm.)

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Loscalzo, editor, Joseph (2010). Harrison's cardiovascular medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 2, 33. ISBN 9780071702911.
^ Gössl, M; Rosol, M; Malyar, NM; Fitzpatrick, LA; Beighley, PE; Zamir, M; Ritman, EL (2003 Jun). "Functional anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of vasa vasorum in the walls of porcine coronary arteries.". The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology 272 (2): 526–37. PMID 12740947. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Carneiro, Luiz Carlos Junqueira, José (2005). Basic histology text & atlas (11th ed. ed.). New York, N.Y., [etc.]: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780071440912.
^ Wolinsky H, Glagov S. Comparison of abdominal and thoracic aortic medial structure in mammals. Circ Res 1969;25:677–686.
^ Zervas, NT; Liszczak, TM; Mayberg, MR; Black, PM (1982 Apr). "Cerebrospinal fluid may nourish cerebral vessels through pathways in the adventitia that may be analogous to systemic vasa vasorum.". Journal of neurosurgery 56 (4): 475–81. PMID 7062119. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Clinically oriented anatomy (6th ed., [International ed.]. ed.). Philadelphia [etc.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer. 2010. p. 50. ISBN 9781605476520.
^ Isenberg, edited by David A.; Renton, Peter (2003). Imaging in rheumatology (1st publ. ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford University Press. p. 304. ISBN 9780192632630.
^ Weyand, CM; Goronzy, JJ (2000 Aug 31). "Pathogenic principles in giant cell arteritis.". International journal of cardiology. 75 Suppl 1: S9–S15; discussion S17–9. PMID 10980331. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

External links[edit]

BU Histology Learning System: 05702loa

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. アテローム性動脈硬化症の病因 pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
2. 臍帯卵膜付着と前置血管 velamentous umbilical cord insertion and vasa previa
3. 再発性多発性軟骨炎の病理 pathology of relapsing polychondritis
4. 不安定プラークの病理および病因 pathology and pathogenesis of the vulnerable plaque
5. 後期梅毒の病因、臨床症状、および治療 pathogenesis clinical manifestations and treatment of late syphilis

English Journal

Imaging microvasculature with contrast-enhanced ultraharmonic ultrasound.

Maresca D1, Skachkov I2, Renaud G2, Jansen K3, van Soest G2, de Jong N4, van der Steen AF4.
Ultrasound in medicine & biology.Ultrasound Med Biol.2014 Jun;40(6):1318-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.029. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
Atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization was shown to be one of the strongest predictors of future cardiovascular events. Yet, the clinical tools for coronary wall microvasculature detection in vivo are lacking. Here we report an ultrasound pulse sequence capable of detecting microvasculature invis
PMID 24613639

Nestin and WT1 expression in atheromathous plaque neovessels: Association with vulnerability.

Fittipaldi S1, Vasuri F2, Degiovanni A3, Pini R1, Mauro R1, Faggioli G1, D'Errico-Grigioni A3, Stella A1, Pasquinelli G4.
Histology and histopathology.Histol Histopathol.2014 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Introduction. Neoangiogenesis is crucial for the progression and vulnerability of atheromasic lesions. Since adult vasa vasorum, which represent the neoangiogenetic burden of healthy arteries, constitutively express Nestin and Wilms Tumor (WT1), the aims of the present study are: i) to describe and
PMID 24861148

Thoracic Aortic Rupture and Aortopulmonary Fistulation in the Friesian Horse: Histomorphologic Characterization.

Ploeg M1, Saey V, Delesalle C, Gröne A, Ducatelle R, de Bruijn M, Back W, van Weeren PR, van Loon G, Chiers K.
Veterinary pathology.Vet Pathol.2014 May 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Aortic rupture in horses is a rare condition. Although it is relatively common in the Friesian breed, only limited histopathologic information is available. Twenty Friesian horses (1-10 years old) were diagnosed with aortic rupture by postmortem examination. Ruptured aortic walls were analyzed with
PMID 24741028

Japanese Journal

動脈硬化における血管新生・再生 (特集動脈硬化症--一次予防から二次予防まで)

田中君枝,佐田政隆
綜合臨床 60(10), 2011-2014, 2011-10
NAID 40019020694

Partially Thrombosed Vertebral Artery Aneurysm With Wall Enhancement Treated by Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization : Case Report

ABE Toshi,HAGIHARA Naoshi,HIROHATA Masaru,UCHIYAMA Yusuke,TANAKA Norimitsu,HAYABUCHI Naofumi
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(6), 431-433, 2011-06-15
A 50-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of dysarthria caused by a partially thrombosed vertebral artery (VA) aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancement of the thickened wall an …
NAID 10029138169

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「栄養血管」「脈管の血管」
関連記事	「vas」

「栄養血管」

Vasa vasorum
	Micrograph showing cystic medial degeneration. The tunica adventitia (yellow at bottom of image) with vaso vasorum is also seen. Movat's stain.
Latin	Vasa vasorum
Code	TH H3.09.02.0.06001

　　[★]

英: vessels of vessels, nutrient vessels
ラ: vasa vasorum (Z)

「脈管の血管」

　　[★]

英: vasa vasorum
関: 脈管の脈管、栄養血管

「vas」

　　[★]

n.

管、(植物)導管

関: canal、conduit、duct、ductal、ductus、meatus、pipe、tubal、tube、vessel

[harrison-1] Loscalzo, editor, Joseph (2010). Harrison's cardiovascular medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 2, 33. ISBN 9780071702911.

[2] Gössl, M; Rosol, M; Malyar, NM; Fitzpatrick, LA; Beighley, PE; Zamir, M; Ritman, EL (2003 Jun). "Functional anatomy and hemodynamic characteristics of vasa vasorum in the walls of porcine coronary arteries.". The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology 272 (2): 526–37. PMID 12740947. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[3] Carneiro, Luiz Carlos Junqueira, José (2005). Basic histology text & atlas (11th ed. ed.). New York, N.Y., [etc.]: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780071440912.

[4] Wolinsky H, Glagov S. Comparison of abdominal and thoracic aortic medial structure in mammals. Circ Res 1969;25:677–686.

[5] Zervas, NT; Liszczak, TM; Mayberg, MR; Black, PM (1982 Apr). "Cerebrospinal fluid may nourish cerebral vessels through pathways in the adventitia that may be analogous to systemic vasa vasorum.". Journal of neurosurgery 56 (4): 475–81. PMID 7062119. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[moore-6] Clinically oriented anatomy (6th ed., [International ed.]. ed.). Philadelphia [etc.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer. 2010. p. 50. ISBN 9781605476520.

[7] Isenberg, edited by David A.; Renton, Peter (2003). Imaging in rheumatology (1st publ. ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford University Press. p. 304. ISBN 9780192632630.

[8] Weyand, CM; Goronzy, JJ (2000 Aug 31). "Pathogenic principles in giant cell arteritis.". International journal of cardiology. 75 Suppl 1: S9–S15; discussion S17–9. PMID 10980331. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

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案内

vasa vasorum