以前は～だった、慣れている

WordNet

seek or achieve an end by using to ones advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The presidents wife used her good connections"
the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers" (同)usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise
a particular service; "he put his knowledge to good use"; "patrons have their uses"
(law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat" (同)enjoyment
use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions" (同)expend
take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely" (同)habituate
put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I cant use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesnt know how to use a computer" (同)utilize, utilise, apply, employ
habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas"
make a light, metallic sound; go `ting
a light clear metallic sound as of a small bell (同)tinkle
cause to make a ting
having a toe or toes of a specified kind; often used in combination; "long-toed; "five-toed"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈道具など〉‘を'『使う』,用いる / …‘を'『費す』,消費する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人など〉‘を'『扱う』 / …‘を'自分の都合のいいように合用する / 〈U〉『使用』,利用 / 〈U〉『役に立つこと』,効用,利益(usefulness) / 〈U〉使う必要(場合),使用する機会,入り用 / 〈C〉〈U〉使用の目的,用途 / 〈U〉使用する権利 / 〈U〉使い方 / 〈U〉(身体などを)使う能力
《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
…‘を'チリンチリナ(リンリン)と鳴らす / チリンチリン鳴る宴
『使い古しの』,使用した
(…に)『慣れている』《+to+名(doing)》
『…するのが常だった』,よく…したものだ / 『以前は…した』
足指のある / 《複合語を作って》足指が…の:five-toed 足指が5本の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/12 19:06:36」(JST)

wiki en

The habitual aspect is a form of expression connoting repetition or continuous existence of a state of affairs. In English when present time is referred to, there is no special grammatical marker for the habitual; the simple present is used, as in I go there (every day). However, for past reference English uses the simple past form or either of two alternative markers: used to as in we used to go there (every Thursday), and would as in back then we would go there (every Thursday).

Would

The form [would + infinitive] is employed to talk about a habit or frequent action in a former time. One usually applies [would + infinitive] for the past habitual when one is telling a story about the past.^[1]

When I was a kid, we would often have a drink after class on a Monday.
When I lived in Romania, we would go to a little bar near our house.

The past habitual employment of would requires an accompanying indication of the time of occurrence (more specifically than simply before the present): e.g., Last year we would go there frequently, but not simply We would go there frequently.

This application of would to mark the past habitual is distinct from each of several other uses of would: as a tense marker for future of the past (after that experience we would not try it again for the next three years); as a conditional mood marker (I would do it if I could); and as an indicator of politeness (Would you open the door, please?)

Used to

The linguistic expression used to expresses past states or past habitual actions (usually with the implication that they are no longer so), such as: "I used to eat ice cream."; or a state of accustomedness, such as: "I am used to eating ice cream."; or that something is being utilized for some purpose, such as: "Ice cream is used to soothe a sore throat."

In the first of the three cases—the past habitual one—it is followed by the infinitive (that is, the full expression consists of the verb used plus the to-infinitive). Thus the statement "I used to go to college." means that the speaker formerly habitually went to college, and normally implies that this is no longer the case.

Used to is typically employed without a specific indication of the time of occurrence—e.g., We used to go there frequently.

While used to expresses habitual aspect in the past rather than modality, it may viewed as a semimodal on the grounds that it is invariant and defective in form like the modals, and can follow auxiliary-verb syntax: it is possible (but only rarely, and in a formal context) to form questions like Used he to come here? and negatives like He used not to come here. More common, however, (though not the most formal style) is the syntax that treats used as a past tense of an ordinary verb, and forms questions and negatives using did: Did he use(d) to come here? He didn't use(d) to come here. Note the difference in pronunciation between the ordinary verb use /juːz/ and its past form used /juːzd/ (as in scissors are used to cut paper), and the habitual verb form, which can be the same or can be /juːst/.

The verbal use of used to should not be confused with the adjectival use of the same expression, meaning "familiar with", as in I am used to this, we must get used to the cold. When the adjectival form is followed by a verb, the gerund is used: I am used to going to college in the mornings.

A saying using 'used to' from Assassins - 1995.

It is considered informal to apply used to in questions or negative sentences, as Did he use(d) to...? or He didn't use(d) to...; but this is sometimes used in informal spoken English. It is more standard to ask questions and make negative forms using simple past. Used to implies the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it does not usually occur in the present. Used to can also be used to talk about past realities or generalizations which are no longer real. Both simple past and used to can refer to past habits, past facts and past generalizations; however, used to is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past repetition in positive forms. On the other hand, when forming questions or negative sentences, simple past is better.^[2]^[3]^[4]

The expression used to refers to habits or frequent actions in a former time which we are not done in the present. It is also employed to identify states in the past which are no longer true. For example:^[5]^[6]

I used to have short hair (but now I have long hair).
He used to read (but now he doesn’t read).
They used to live in Iran (but now they live in England).

For the negative or to form a question, some prescriptivists argue that one should employ ‘use’ and not ‘used’:^[7]^[8]

Did you use to be a worker?
Did he use to study Germany?
He didn’t use to like cake, but he does now.
I didn’t use to want to have an expensive villa.

There is a considerable difference between [used to + (verb)] and [(to be) + used to].^[9]

I used to drink black coffee means that in the past I drank black coffee, but now I don't. Used to describes an action that did happen, but does not happen now.^[10]

When I was younger I used to play with toys, but I don't anymore.
Before I passed my driving test, I used to cycle.
I am used to something.
I am used to drinking black coffee.

In contrast, "I am used to drinking black coffee", means that at first drinking black coffee was unusual, but now it has gotten familiar. [to be + used to] tells of a state of affairs that was unfamiliar, but that the speaker/writer is now accustomed to (also sometimes a state of affairs that was once hard and is now simple or easy). I am accustomed to black coffee has the same meaning.

It took me a while, but now I'm used to using this new computer.
I'm getting used to the abnormal smell in the factory.
I'll never get used to the heat in Iraq.

In Longman Language Activator usual uses of used to are shown in the below list:^[11]

used to do something
there used to be
never used to be
didn't use to do something
used not to do something

References

^ ‘Used to + infinitive’: perfect-english-grammar.com
^ Used To englishpage.com
^ used to do englishclub.com
^ Used to englishgrammarsecrets.com
^ ‘Used to + infinitive’: perfect-english-grammar.com
^ used to learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org
^ ‘Used to + infinitive’: perfect-english-grammar.com
^ Used to vs. Use to grammar.cl
^ http://www.english-at-home.com/grammar/how-to-use-used-to-in-english/ english-at-home.com
^ I used to vs I am used to ecenglish.com
^ Adrian, Evadne. Longman Language Activator. Longman Group United Kingdom, 2006. ISBN 0582419522.

External links

Media related to English modals of habits and past facts at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of used to at Wiktionary

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