同: 鉤

WordNet

(biology) any hook-shaped process or part

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/28 18:35:43」(JST)

wiki en

The uncus is an anterior extremity of the Parahippocampal gyrus. It is separated from the apex of the temporal lobe by a slight fissure called the incisura temporalis.

Although superficially continuous with the hippocampal gyrus, the uncus forms morphologically a part of the rhinencephalon.

The term uncus was coined by Felix Vicq d’Azyr (1748–1794).^[1]

Clinical significance

The part of the olfactory cortex that is on the temporal lobe covers the area of the uncus, which leads into the two significant clinical aspects of the uncus: uncinate fits and uncal herniations.

Seizures, often preceded by hallucinations of disagreeable odors, often originate in the uncus.
In situations of tumor, hemorrhage, or edema, increased pressure within the cranial cavity, especially if the mass is in the middle fossa, can push the uncus over the tentorial notch against the brainstem and its corresponding cranial nerves. If the uncus becomes herniated the structure lying just medial to it, cranial nerve III, can become compressed. This causes problems associated with a non-functional or problematic CN III - the pupil on the ipsilateral side fails to constrict to light and absence of medial/superior movement of the orbit, resulting in a fixed, dilated pupil and an eye with a characteristic "down and out" position due to dominance of the abducens and trochlear nerves. Further pressure on the midbrain results in progressive lethargy, coma and death due to compression of the mesencephalic reticular activating system. Brainstem damage is typically ipsilateral to the herniation, although the contralateral cerebral peduncle may be pushed against the tentorial notch, resulting in a characteristic indentation known as Kernohan's notch and ipsilateral hemiparesis, since fibers running in the cerebral peduncle decussate (cross over) in the lower medulla to control muscle groups on the opposite side of the body.

The landmark that helps you find the amygdala on a coronal section of the brain.

Additional images

Position of uncus (red)
Human brain, medial view. (Uncus shown in blue)
Human brain, inferior view. (Uncus shown in blue)
Uncus (green text)
Basal view of a human brain
Scheme of rhinencephalon. (Uncus labeled at bottom right.)
Uncus

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ JC Tamraz, YG Comair. Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI (2006), p 8.

External links

Uncus in the Brede Database at the Technical University of Denmark
http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/coursebook/neuro3(2).pdf

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における傾眠および昏睡の評価 evaluation of stupor and coma in children
2. 脳脊髄液：疾患状態における検査の生理学および有用性 cerebrospinal fluid physiology and utility of an examination in disease states
3. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults

English Journal

Hippocampal abnormalities in youth with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

Dudek J1, Skocic J2, Sheard E2, Rovet J1.Author information 11 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.22 Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) exhibit difficulty on hippocampally mediated memory tasks and show reduced hippocampal size. However inconsistencies exist regarding the affected memory functions and where within the hippocampi effects occur. Given recent studies showing anterior and posterior segments support distinct memory functions and sex dimorphisms in hippocampal function, we asked whether these factors influence memory performance in youth with ARND (n = 18) and typically developing controls (n = 17). Participants received a battery of memory tests and a structural MRI scan. Right and left hippocampi were manually traced; anterior and posterior segments were delineated at the uncus. Measured were intracranial volumes (ICV) and right and left hippocampi and hippocampal segments. Volumes were adjusted for ICV. Relative to controls, the ARND group had lower IQs and memory performance on most tasks and marginally smaller ICVs. Left and right hippocampal volumes and posterior segments were smaller in the ARND group. Although no sex differences were observed between groups, females overall had larger anterior hippocampi than males. Positive and negative associations between hippocampal and selective memory indices were found in the ARND group only. These findings are the first to suggest that posterior hippocampal development may be compromised in youth with ARND. (JINS, 2014, 20, 181-191).
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS.J Int Neuropsychol Soc.2014 Feb;20(2):181-91. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713001343.
Individuals diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) exhibit difficulty on hippocampally mediated memory tasks and show reduced hippocampal size. However inconsistencies exist regarding the affected memory functions and where within the hippocampi effects occur. Given recent
PMID 24512673

Comprehending Body Language and Mimics: An ERP and Neuroimaging Study on Italian Actors and Viewers.

Proverbio AM1, Calbi M2, Manfredi M3, Zani A4.Author information 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.2Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.3Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California, United States of America.4Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.AbstractIn this study, the neural mechanism subserving the ability to understand people's emotional and mental states by observing their body language (facial expression, body posture and mimics) was investigated in healthy volunteers. ERPs were recorded in 30 Italian University students while they evaluated 280 pictures of highly ecological displays of emotional body language that were acted out by 8 male and female Italian actors. Pictures were briefly flashed and preceded by short verbal descriptions (e.g., "What a bore!") that were incongruent half of the time (e.g., a picture of a very attentive and concentrated person shown after the previous example verbal description). ERP data and source reconstruction indicated that the first recognition of incongruent body language occurred 300 ms post-stimulus. swLORETA performed on the N400 identified the strongest generators of this effect in the right rectal gyrus (BA11) of the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex, the bilateral uncus (limbic system) and the cingulate cortex, the cortical areas devoted to face and body processing (STS, FFA EBA) and the premotor cortex (BA6), which is involved in action understanding. These results indicate that face and body mimics undergo a prioritized processing that is mostly represented in the affective brain and is rapidly compared with verbal information. This process is likely able to regulate social interactions by providing on-line information about the sincerity and trustfulness of others.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Mar 7;9(3):e91294. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091294. eCollection 2014.
In this study, the neural mechanism subserving the ability to understand people's emotional and mental states by observing their body language (facial expression, body posture and mimics) was investigated in healthy volunteers. ERPs were recorded in 30 Italian University students while they evaluate
PMID 24608244

Laterality interacts with sex across the schizophrenia/bipolarity continuum: an interpretation of meta-analyses of structural MRI.

Crow TJ1, Chance SA, Priddle TH, Radua J, James AC.Author information 1SANE POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. Electronic address: tim.crow@psych.ox.ac.uk.AbstractReview of the first comprehensive meta-analysis of VBM (voxel-based morphometry) studies in schizophrenia indicates asymmetrical reductions of anterior cingulate gyrus to the right, and medial temporal lobe (including the uncus) and para-hippocampal gyrus to the left. In subsequent meta-analyses of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder change in these limbic structures is systematically related to change in the insula. Deficits in insula (and para-hippocampal gyrus) to the left, and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus to the right are greater in schizophrenic psychoses whereas deficits in anterior cingulate to the left and insula to the right are greater in bipolar illness. Thus (1) brain structures implicated in schizophrenia include those implicated in bipolar disorder, (2) the variation that separates the prototypical psychoses may be a subset of that relating to the structural asymmetry (the "torque") characteristic of the human brain, and (3) the meta-analysis of Bora et al. (2012) indicates that laterality of involvement of the insula and cingulate gyrus across the spectrum of bipolar and schizophrenic psychoses is critically dependent upon the sex ratio. Thus structural change underlying the continuum of psychosis relates to the interaction of laterality and sex.
Psychiatry research.Psychiatry Res.2013 Dec 30;210(3):1232-44. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.07.043. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
Review of the first comprehensive meta-analysis of VBM (voxel-based morphometry) studies in schizophrenia indicates asymmetrical reductions of anterior cingulate gyrus to the right, and medial temporal lobe (including the uncus) and para-hippocampal gyrus to the left. In subsequent meta-analyses of
PMID 24011847

Japanese Journal

A Synchronous Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

, , , , , , , , , , ,
Internal Medicine 53(21), 2483-2488, 2014
… Since the duodenal GIST developed close to the pancreatic uncus in this case, we considered the possibility of multiple PNETs in the differential diagnosis. …
NAID 130004704953

n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate使用下動脈塞栓術が有効であった膵動静脈奇形の1例

魚嶋晴紀,築山俊毅,市田親正,土屋貴愛,糸井隆夫
日本消化機病學會雜誌. 乙 111(11), 2174-2180, 2014
症例は49歳，男性．心窩部痛を繰り返すために，当院を受診された．造影CT検査で，膵頭部に30 mm大の低吸収域と膵鈎部に早期相で造影される異常血管を認め，膵動静脈奇形にともなう膵実質虚血と診断した．心窩部痛が持続するためn-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate（NBCA）による動脈塞栓術を施行した．施術による重篤な合併症はなく，疼痛の緩和も得られ，異常血管の消失も術後CT検査で確認できた．
NAID 130004704555

中国雲南省北部に生息するPieris属の1新種の記載(鱗翅目,シロチョウ科)

田所輝夫,新川勉,王敏
蝶と蛾 64(1), 1-9, 2013-04-15
東アジアのPieris属ならびにその近縁種について著者らが行った最近の現地調査並びに分子系統分析の結果,Sinopieris davidis及びその近縁(亜)種に酷似した新しい蝶を発見するに至った.その蝶は東チベットにおいて2009年及び2012年の5月に採集されたものである.翅紋・発香鱗・生殖器を精査した結果,その蝶は独特の形態的特徴をもつことが明らかになった.Huang(1995)は新種Sin …
NAID 110009603830

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「suncus」

Uncus
	Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. Uncus is shown in orange.
	Human brain inferior-medial view (Uncus is #5)
Identifiers
Gray's	p.826
NeuroNames	hier-21
Dorlands; /Elsevier	u_02/12836346
TA	A14.1.09.235
FMA	74884
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

　　[★]

スンクス

関: Suncus murinus

[1] JC Tamraz, YG Comair. Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI (2006), p 8.

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案内

uncus