WordNet

attach with a clip; "clip the papers together"
terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent; "My speech was cut short"; "Personal freedom is curtailed in many countries" (同)curtail, cut_short
the act of clipping or snipping (同)clipping, snip
a sharp slanting blow; "he gave me a clip on the ear"
an article of jewelry that can be clipped onto a hat or dress
any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together
a medical instrument for dilating a bodily passage or cavity in order to examine the interior
a mirror (especially one made of polished metal) for use in an optical instrument
abnormal condition where the heart is located toward the right side of the chest

PrepTutorEJDIC

『紙ばさみ』,クリップ;留める物 / (機関銃の) 挿弾子｛そうだんし｝、弾倉｛だんそう｝　…'を'『はさむ』,はさんで留める
(はさんで)…'を'『切る』,切り取る / 〈羊毛・頭髪・庭木・芝など〉'を'刈り込む;〈ヒツジ・ウサギなど〉‘の'毛を刈る / …'を'短くする,切りつめる / 《話》…'を'バチンとひっぱたく / 切る;刈り込む / 《話》す早く進む,すっ飛ばす / (頭髪・羊毛などを)刈り込むこと,切り取ること;刈られた物,刈り取った羊毛 / 《複数形で》刈り込みばさみ / 《話》鋭い一撃 / 《話》速度 / 《米話》1回,1度
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/27 16:39:25」(JST)

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Example of a trocar

A trocar (variant: trochar;^[1] from French: alteration of trois-carré from trois (three) + carré (square) i.e., 'three-edged', triangular) is a medical instrument with a sharply pointed end, often three-sided, that is used inside a hollow cylinder (cannula) to introduce this into blood vessels or body cavities. Trocars are also used to introduce ports in the abdomen, such as during laparoscopic surgery. Sometimes the combined trocar and introduced cannula are referred to as a trocar. The trocar is often passed inside a cannula, and functions as a portal for the subsequent placement of other devices, such as a chest drain, intravenous cannula, etc.

History

Originally, doctors used trocars to relieve pressure build-up of fluids (oedema) or gasses (bloat). Patents for trocars appeared early in the 19th century, although their use dated back possibly thousands of years. By the middle of the 19th century, trocar-cannulas had become sophisticated, such as Reginald Southey's invention of the Southey tube.^[2]

Applications

In modern times, surgical trocars are used to perform laparoscopic ('keyhole') surgery. They are deployed as a means of introduction for cameras and laparoscopic hand instruments, such as scissors, graspers, etc., to perform surgery hitherto carried out by making a large abdominal incision ('open' surgery), something that has revolutionized patient care. Today, surgical trocars are most commonly a single patient use instrument and have graduated from the 'three point' design that gave them their name, to either a flat bladed 'dilating-tip' product, or something that is entirely blade free. This latter design offers greater patient safety due to the technique used to insert them.

Trocars are also used near the end of the embalming process to provide drainage of bodily fluids and organs after the vascular replacement of blood with embalming chemicals. Rather than a round tube being inserted, the three sided knife of the classic trocar would split the outer skin into three "wings" which was then easily sutured closed in an less obtrusive way. It is attached to a suction hose (which usually is attached to a running water source and drain known as a hydroaspirator). The process of removing gas, fluids,and semi-solids from the body cavities and hollow organs using the trocar is known as aspiration. The instrument is inserted into the body two inches to the left and two inches up from the navel. After the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities have been aspirated, the embalmer injects cavity fluid into the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities using a smaller trocar attached via a hose which is connected to a bottle of high index cavity fluid. The bottle is held upside down in the air so as to let gravity take the cavity fluid through the trocar and into the cavities. The embalmer moves the trocar in the same manner that he or she used when aspirating the cavities in order to fully and evenly distribute the chemical.

After cavity embalming has been finished, the puncture is commonly sealed using a small, plastic object resembling a screw, called a trocar button.

Veterinary use

Trocars are also used by veterinarians and their applications include relieving of acute cases of cow bloat. A wide-bore trocar can be passed through the skin into the stomach to remove the gas, alternatively the trocars may be inserted directly into the stomach following anaesthesia in order to reduce the chances of infection.

References

Janet Amundson Romich. An illustrated guide to veterinary medical terminology, Volume 1
Mayer, Robert (2006). Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-143950-1.

Notes

^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trocar
^ https://www.countway.harvard.edu/bml/reginald_southey.htm

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Tuning the adhesion of layer-by-layer films to the physicochemical properties of inner limiting membranes using nanoparticles.

Valentin-Rodriguez C, He Y, Chodavarapu SS, Smith M, Roach AS, Lewis NR, Vaid S, Lin T, Lord DE, Green SM, Tezel TH, Ivanisevic A.SourceWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Micron (Oxford, England : 1993).Micron.2011 Aug;42(6):616-24. Epub 2011 Mar 15.
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A systematic review of laparoscopic port site hernias in gastrointestinal surgery.

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INTRODUCTION: Port site hernia is an important yet under-recognised complication of laparoscopic surgery, which carries a high risk of strangulation due to the small size of the defect involved. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence, classification, and pathogenesis of this complica
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Japanese Journal

ソラシックエッグ®による自然気胸の外来治療の検討

椎野王久,坂本和裕,山仲一輝,正津晶子
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 25(1), 007-012, 2011
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Intracavitary Combined with CT-guided Interstitial Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Uterine Cervical Cancer: Introduction of the Technique and a Case Presentation

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Journal of Radiation Research 52(1), 54-58, 2011
… A Fletcher-Suit applicator and trocar point needles were used for performing high-dose rate brachytherapy under in-room CT guidance. …
NAID 130000431469

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「clip」「speculum」「surgical equipment」「surgical instrument」「surgical clip」
拡張検索	「electrocardiography」「electrocardiographically」「trocar nephrostomy」「unipolar lead electrocardiography」