WordNet

the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance (同)transmission
the 20th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)t
the property of something that can be pervaded by a liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion) (同)permeableness

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tritiumの化学記号
浸透性

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/05 21:42:35」(JST)

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Diagram of Beer-Lambert Law of transmittance of a beam of light as it travels through a cuvette of width l.

Earth's atmospheric transmittance over 1 nautical mile sea level path (infrared region^[1]). Because of the natural radiation of the hot atmosphere, the intensity of radiation is different from the transmitted part.

Transmittance of ruby in optical and near-IR spectra. Note the two broad blue and green absorption bands and one narrow absorption band on the wavelength of 694 nm, which is the wavelength of the ruby laser.

In optics and spectroscopy, transmittance is the fraction of incident light (electromagnetic radiation) at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.^[2]^[3] The terms visible transmittance (VT) and visible absorptance (VA), which are the respective fractions for the spectrum of light visible radiation, are also used. The natural radiation of the cuvette corresponding to the temperature of the cuvette remains ignored - see radiative transfer equation.

A related terms is absorbance,^[4] or absorption factor,^[5] which is the fraction of radiation absorbed by a sample at a specified wavelength.

Definition

In equation form,

where is the intensity of the incident radiation and is the intensity of the radiation coming out of the sample and and are transmittance and optical depth respectively. In these equations, scattering and reflection are considered to be close to zero or otherwise accounted for. The transmittance of a sample is sometimes given as a percentage.

Transmittance is related to optical depth τ (not to be confused with absorbance nor absorptance) as

If one want to express optical depth in decibels:

From the above equation the transmittance is thus given by

Note that the term "transmission" refers to the physical process of radiation passing through a sample, whereas transmittance refers to the mathematical quantity.

In plane geometry:

where, when the plane parallel assumption is invoked, with the angle of propagation of the ray from the normal of the surface.

Beer-Lambert law

In case of uniform attenuation optical depth is simply:

where Σ is the attenuation coefficient, N is the medium concentration, σ the total cross section^{[disambiguation needed]} and the geometrical path length, so the transmittance is:

In the general nonuniform case the optical depth is an integral quantity in position :

for example if there is a strong temperature or pressure nonuniformity in a material, the concentration is nonuniform but the cross section is uniform, so:

This is the case of atmospheric science applications and also of radiation shielding theory.

Beer's law

Another equation that can be useful in solving for is the following:^[6]

Where is a measure of absorbance. By manipulating the equation you can generate the more direct form of the equation:

References

^ "Electronic warfare and radar systems engineering handbook".
^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Transmittance".
^ Verhoeven, J. W. (1996). "Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 68 (12): 2223–2286. doi:10.1351/pac199668122223. ISSN 0033-4545.
^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Absorbance".
^ "CRC Dictionary of pure and applied physics, CRC Press, Editor: Dipak Basu (2001)".
^ "Molecular Spectroscopy — Beer's Law". Sheffield Hallam University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Biosciences Division, On-Line Learning.

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