WordNet

determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town" (同)tot, tot up, sum, sum_up, summate, tote up, add, add together, tally, add up
damage beyond the point of repair; "My son totaled our new car"; "the rock star totals his guitar at every concert"
add up in number or quantity; "The bills amounted to $2,000"; "The bill came to $2,000" (同)number, add up, come, amount
a small amount (especially of a drink); "a tot of rum"
surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
used of automobiles; completely demolished; "the insurance adjuster declared the automobile totaled"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『総計の』,全体の / 『全くの』,完全な(absolute) / 『合計』,総額,総数,総量(sum) / …‘を'合計する / 合計…‘に'なる,総額が…‘に'のぼる(amount to)
幼児,小児 / (特に酒類の)少量,一杯,一口
…‘を'合計する《+up+名,+名+up》 / 合計(…に)なる《+up to+名》
乳房切除の手術;〈U〉乳房が切除された状態

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/25 08:04:26」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which the breast, underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla are removed as a treatment for breast cancer.

It was developed and first performed by William Stewart Halsted in 1882. From about 1895 to the mid-1970s about 90% of the women being treated for breast cancer in the U.S. underwent the Halsted radical mastectomy. This is a very morbid disfiguring surgery and is no longer performed except in extreme cases. Prior to 1975, if a woman had a lump in her breast, and the lump proved to be malignant, a radical mastectomy was performed immediately, in the belief that it was necessary to prevent the further spread of the cancer.^{[citation needed]} If the lymph nodes tested benign, the surgery was considered successful.^{[citation needed]} The operation was very stressful for women, because, in many cases, they would go under anesthesia not knowing whether a suspicious lump was malignant or not and wake up to find that a radical mastectomy had been performed.^{[citation needed]}

Today, there are three main categories of mastectomy:

total (simple) mastectomy,
modified radical mastectomy,
partial mastectomy.

This surgery article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 乳房切除 mastectomy
2. 患者情報：乳癌手術－乳房切除および乳房温存療法（応用） patient information surgery for breast cancer mastectomy and breast conserving therapy beyond the basics
3. 乳房温存療法 breast conserving therapy
4. 非浸潤性乳管癌：治療 breast ductal carcinoma in situ treatment
5. 乳癌における所属リンパ節の管理 management of the regional lymph nodes in breast cancer

English Journal

Socioeconomic deprivation and inpatient complication rates following mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery.

Jeevan R1,2, Browne JP3,4, Pereira J5,6, Caddy CM7, Sheppard C8, van der Meulen JH1,3, Cromwell DA1,3.
The British journal of surgery.Br J Surg.2015 Aug;102(9):1064-70. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9847. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic deprivation is known to influence the presentation of patients with breast cancer and their subsequent treatments, but its relationship with surgical outcomes has not been investigated. A national prospective cohort study was undertaken to examine the effect of deprivation
PMID 26075654

Improved frozen section examination of the retroareolar margin for prediction of nipple involvement in breast cancer.

Morales Piato JR1, Aguiar FN2, Mota BS1, Ricci MD1, Dória MT3, Alves-Jales RD1, Messias AP1, Filassi JR1, Baracat EC1.
European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.Eur J Surg Oncol.2015 Aug;41(8):986-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.04.019. Epub 2015 May 11.
INTRODUCTION: In this prospective ex vivo study, we propose a new technique for the intraoperative examination of retroareolar tissue and describe both surgical excision and pathological methods. We performed a nipple-sparing mastectomy simulation in patients selected to total mastectomy, in order
PMID 26002985

Incidence of Surgical Site Infection Following Mastectomy With and Without Immediate Reconstruction Using Private Insurer Claims Data.

Olsen MA1, Nickel KB1, Fox IK2, Margenthaler JA3, Ball KE1, Mines D4, Wallace AE4, Fraser VJ1.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2015 Aug;36(8):907-14. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.108. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
OBJECTIVE The National Healthcare Safety Network classifies breast operations as clean procedures with an expected 1%-2% surgical site infection (SSI) incidence. We assessed differences in SSI incidence following mastectomy with and without immediate reconstruction in a large, geographically diverse
PMID 26036877

Japanese Journal

術前診断が可能で, 一期的手術を施行した肺癌を含む同時性3重複癌の1例

設楽将之,幸大輔,山田健
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 26(2), 148-152, 2012-03-15
近年診断技術と治療成績の向上により重複癌が増加している．患者は55歳女性，左乳腺過誤腫にて通院中に左D領域乳癌が発見された．術前PET-CTにて甲状腺峡部と右肺上葉に異常陰影を認め，甲状腺乳頭癌・肺腺癌の原発癌と診断した．肺以外は体表の癌であり，一期的手術が可能と判断した．はじめに胸腔鏡下に右上葉切除（ND2a-1）を行い，次いで甲状腺峡部切除術，左乳房部分切除術と左センチネルリンパ節生検を行った …
NAID 10030125562

Investigation of irradiation conditions for recurrent breast cancer in JRR-4

Horiguchi H.,Nakamura T.,Kumada H.,Yanagie H.,Suzuki M.,Sagawa H.,熊田博明
Applied radiation and isotopes 69(12), 1882-1884, 2011-12
… In this study, the irradiation technique for a total mastectomy patient with recurrent cancer was optimized by dosimetric calculations using JAEA computational dosimetry system (JCDS). …
NAID 120003692564