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a cellar or vault or underground burial chamber (especially beneath a church)

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地下室,(特に)教会堂の地下室(小礼拝室・納骨室に用いる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/05 12:26:39」(JST)

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The human palatine tonsils (PT) are covered by stratified squamous epithelium that extends into deep and partly branched tonsillar crypts, of which there are about 10 to 30.^[1] The crypts greatly increase the contact surface between environmental influences and lymphoid tissue. In an average adult palatine tonsil the estimated epithelial surface area of the crypts is 295 cm², in addition to the 45 cm² of epithelium covering the oropharyngeal surface.^{[citation needed]}

The crypts extend through the full thickness of the tonsil reaching almost to its hemicapsule. In healthy tonsils the openings of the crypts are fissure-like, and the walls of the lumina are in apposition. A computerized three-dimensional reconstruction of the palatine tonsil crypt system showed that in the centre of the palatine tonsil are tightly packed ramified crypts that join with each other, while on the periphery there is a rather simple and sparse arrangement.^{[citation needed]}

The crypt system is not merely a group of invaginations of the tonsillar epithelium but a highly complicated network of canals with special types of epithelium and with various structures surrounding the canals, such as blood and lymphatic vessels and germinal centers.^{[citation needed]}

Macrophages and other white blood cells concentrate by the tonsillar crypts as well, in response to the microorganisms attracted to the crypts. Accordingly, the tonsillar crypts serve a forward sentry role for the immune system, by providing early exposure of immune system cells to infectious organisms which may be introduced into the body via food or other ingested matter.^{[citation needed]}

However, the tonsillar crypts often provide such an inviting environment to bacteria that bacterial colonies may form solidified "plugs" or "stones" within the crypts. In particular, sufferers of chronic sinusitis or post-nasal drip frequently suffer from these overgrowths of bacteria in the tonsillar crypts.^{[medical citation needed]} These small whitish plugs, termed "tonsilloliths" and sometimes known as "tonsil stones," have a foul smell and can contribute to bad breath; furthermore, they can obstruct the normal flow of pus from the crypts, and may irritate the throat (people with tonsil stones may complain of the feeling that something is stuck in their throat).^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Barnes, Leon (2000). Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck (2nd ed. ed.). CRC Press. p. 404. ISBN 9781420002782.

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1. 成人における扁桃摘出：適応 tonsillectomy in adults indications
2. 小児における身体的診察：HEENT the pediatric physical examination heent
3. 口臭 bad breath
4. 扁桃の蜂巣炎および膿瘍 peritonsillar cellulitis and abscess
5. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children

English Journal

Comprehensive microbiome analysis of tonsillar crypts in IgA nephropathy.

Watanabe H1, Goto S1, Mori H2, Higashi K2, Hosomichi K3, Aizawa N4, Takahashi N4, Tsuchida M1, Suzuki Y5, Yamada T2, Horii A4, Inoue I3, Kurokawa K6, Narita I1.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.Nephrol Dial Transplant.2016 Sep 28. pii: gfw343. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary chronic glomerular disease, in which the mucosal immune response elicited particularly in the tonsils or intestine has been estimated to be involved in the development of the disease. To explore the relationship between Ig
PMID 27683270

Prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum in tonsils from patients with chronic tonsillitis.

Dapefrid A1, Lundström B2, Tano K1.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2016 Sep 23:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (FN) in patients with chronic tonsillitis in the age group 15-23 years. This indicates that FN might play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis in this age group, which is also the age group in which chronic
PMID 27659315

Actinomyces denticolens colonisation identified in equine tonsillar crypts.

Murakami S1, Otaki M1, Hayashi Y1, Higuchi K1, Kobayashi T1, Torii Y1, Yokoyama E2, Azuma R3.
Veterinary record open.Vet Rec Open.2016 Sep 8;3(1):e000161. doi: 10.1136/vetreco-2015-000161. eCollection 2016.
Recently, submandibular abscesses associated with Actinomyces denticolens have been reported in horses. The actinomycotic clumps have been observed in the tonsillar crypts. The aim of this study was to demonstrate colonisation of A denticolens in equine tonsils. Twelve equine tonsils obtained from a
PMID 27651913

Japanese Journal

扁桃周囲膿瘍様経過を呈した扁桃結石例

木村寛,中川肇,浅井正嗣,渡辺行雄,水越鉄理,小泉富美朝
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 84(1), 61-66, 1991
… Our observations and previous reports suggest that recurrent inflammation of the tonsils and peritonsillar tissues promote the accumulation of inflammatory debris in tonsillar crypts, which then become the organic nidus for stone formation. …
NAID 130001811759

A study on the tonsil with focal infections. With special referrence to the newly devised tonsillar cryptscope and the architecture of vessels in crypts.:WITH SPECIAL REFERRENCE TO THE NEWLY DEVISED TONSILLAR CRYPTSCOPE AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF VESSELS IN CRYPTS

藤原啓次
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 94(9), 1304-1314, 1991
… It is well known that inflamed human palatine tonsils have many surface crypts showing characteristic lymphoepithelial symbiosis, which play an important role in immune response. … We devised a tonsillar cryptscope in order to observe the tonsillar crypt. … The cryptscopic figures showed different patterns in tonsillar diseases such as hypertrophic tonsil, recurrent tonsillitis and tonsil with focal infection (palmoplantar pustulosis and psoriasis vulgaris). …
NAID 130000805738

CHRONIC TONSILLITIS DUE TO <I>CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS</I>

小川浩司,田中寿一,和山行正,川井田政弘,橋口一弘,山崎嘉司
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 91(3), 333-340,453, 1988
… is an important cause of tonsillar infection, nevertheless little is known about distinctive clinical characteristics. … from tonsillar crypts in six of 26 (23.1%) patients with chronic tonsillitis in the period from August 1986 to March 1987. …
NAID 130000995402

「扁桃陰窩」

Tonsillar crypts
	Low-power microscope magnification of a cross-section through one of the tonsillar crypts (running diagonally) as it opens onto the surface of the throat (at the top). Stratified epithelium (e) covers the throat's surface and continues as a lining of the crypt. Beneath the surface are numerous nodules (f) of lymphoid tissue. Many lymph cells (dark-colored region) pass from the nodules toward the surface and will eventually mix with the saliva as salivary corpuscles (s).
Details
Latin	cryptae tonsillares
Identifiers
TA	A05.2.01.015
FMA	76579
	Anatomical terminology