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a cellar or vault or underground burial chamber (especially beneath a church)

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地下室,(特に)教会堂の地下室(小礼拝室・納骨室に用いる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/14 08:52:46」(JST)

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The human palatine tonsils (PT) are covered by stratified squamous epithelium that extends into deep and partly branched tonsillar crypts, of which there are about 10 to 30.^[1] The crypts greatly increase the contact surface between environmental influences and lymphoid tissue. In an average adult palatine tonsil the estimated epithelial surface area of the crypts is 295 cm², in addition to the 45 cm² of epithelium covering the oropharyngeal surface.^{[citation needed]}

The crypts extend through the full thickness of the tonsil reaching almost to its hemicapsule. In healthy tonsils the openings of the crypts are fissure-like, and the walls of the lumina are in apposition. A computerized three-dimensional reconstruction of the palatine tonsil crypt system showed that in the centre of the palatine tonsil are tightly packed ramified crypts that join with each other, while on the periphery there is a rather simple and sparse arrangement.^{[citation needed]}

The crypt system is not merely a group of invaginations of the tonsillar epithelium but a highly complicated network of canals with special types of epithelium and with various structures surrounding the canals, such as blood and lymphatic vessels and germinal centers.^{[citation needed]}

Macrophages and other white blood cells concentrate by the tonsillar crypts as well, in response to the microorganisms attracted to the crypts. Accordingly, the tonsillar crypts serve a forward sentry role for the immune system, by providing early exposure of immune system cells to infectious organisms which may be introduced into the body via food or other ingested matter.^{[citation needed]}

However, the tonsillar crypts often provide such an inviting environment to bacteria that bacterial colonies may form solidified "plugs" or "stones" within the crypts. In particular, sufferers of chronic sinusitis or post-nasal drip frequently suffer from these overgrowths of bacteria in the tonsillar crypts.^{[medical citation needed]} These small whitish plugs, termed "tonsilloliths" and sometimes known as "tonsil stones," have a foul smell and can contribute to bad breath; furthermore, they can obstruct the normal flow of pus from the crypts, and may irritate the throat (people with tonsil stones may complain of the feeling that something is stuck in their throat).^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Barnes, Leon (2000). Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 404. ISBN 9781420002782.

English Journal

NCL-CD30 staining of epithelial cells in the basal germinative layer of the epidermis and epithelial buds during foetal skin development.

Tamiolakis D, Papadopoulos N, Venizelos J, Lambropoulou M, Tsikouras P, Koutsougeras G, Bolioti S, Tsiapali M, Menegaki M, Kouskoukis C.Author information Department of Cytology, General Hospital of Chania, Crete, Greece.Retraction inClin Exp Med. 2010 Dec;10(4):273. AbstractThe fact that the CD30 molecule can mediate signals for cell proliferation or apoptosis prompted us to perform a systematic investigation of CD30 antigen expression in embryonal tissues during proliferation and differentiation stages. We first targeted the foetal human intestinal cryptae cells with positive results. The epidermis is a dynamic epithelium that is constantly renewed throughout life. The basal layer, attached to the basement membrane, contains the dividing cells of the skin and as cells move up from this layer they undergo differentiation, ending in the formation of a terminally differentiated anucleate cell called squame. It is intriguing to find out if cells in the basal layer can express the CD30 antigen. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of CD30 antigen in 15 paraffin-embedded tissue samples representing epidermis and epidermal buds from foetuses after spontaneous abortion in the 8th, 10th and 12th weeks of gestation, respectively, using the monoclonal antibody NCL-CD30. A Northern blotting analysis was additionally performed. The results showed that: (1) the epithelial cells of the epidermis in the developing skin express the CD30 antigen; (2) CD30 expression in these epithelial cells is higher in cases of hormonal administration than in normal gestation; (3) a similar positive reaction involved the epidermal buds associated with the development of the skin appendages. Northern blots of tissue sections using a CD30 cDNA probe detected mRNAs of the same molecular mass and variety similarly to those in the positive control cell line HUT 102.
Clinical and experimental medicine.Clin Exp Med.2005 Dec;5(4):184-9.
The fact that the CD30 molecule can mediate signals for cell proliferation or apoptosis prompted us to perform a systematic investigation of CD30 antigen expression in embryonal tissues during proliferation and differentiation stages. We first targeted the foetal human intestinal cryptae cells with
PMID 16362798

CD30 (Ki-1) molecule expression in human embryonal epithelial cells of the basal layer of the developing epidermis and epidermal buds and its potential significance for embryogenesis.

Tamiolakis D, Papadoupoulos N, Venizelos I, Lambropoulou M, Tsikouras P, Koutsougeras G, Bolioti S, Tsiapali M, Karpouzis A, Kouskoukis C.Author information Department of Cytology, General Hospital of Chania, Crete, Greece.Retraction inPapadopoulos N. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. 2009 Sep;18(3):144. AbstractOBJECTIVE: CD30 antigen has long been considered to be restricted to tumour cells of Hodgkin's disease, of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and T and B activated lymphocytes. Expression of CD30 antigen has been reported in the decidual stroma, cultivated macrophages, lipoblasts, myoepithelial cells, reactive and neoplastic vascular lesions, mesotheliomas, embryonal carcinoma and seminoma cells. The fact that the CD30 molecule can mediate signals for cell proliferation or apoptosis prompted us to perform a systematic investigation of CD30 antigen expression in embryonal tissues during the proliferation and differentiation stages. We first targeted foetal human intestinal cryptae cells with positive results. The epidermis is a dynamic epithelium that is constantly renewed throughout life. Its turnover is estimated at about 7 days in mice and about 60 days in humans. This rapid replacement demands, as with other epithelial tissues, that an adult has stem cells capable of supplying differentiated cells throughout life. The most basic and widely accepted criteria for these stem cells are that they have a high capacity for self-renewal and the ability to generate daughter cells that undergo terminal differentiation. Not all of the proliferative cells in the basal layer are stem cells and we were intrigued to find out if stem or other cells in the basal layer can express the CD30 antigen.
Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica, et Adriatica.Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat.2005 Sep;14(3):85-90, 92.
OBJECTIVE: CD30 antigen has long been considered to be restricted to tumour cells of Hodgkin's disease, of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and T and B activated lymphocytes. Expression of CD30 antigen has been reported in the decidual stroma, cultivated macrophages, lipoblasts, myoepithelial cells, r
PMID 16200333

Intestinal spirochetosis and colon diverticulosis.

Lima MA, Barbosa AL, Santos VM, Misiara FP.Author information Cancer Combat Association of Central Brazil, Uberaba, MG, Brazil. lima@mednet.com.brAbstractA case of intestinal spirochetosis in a 62-year-old white male is reported. The condition was characterized by chronic flatulence and episodes of intestinal hemorrhage, in addition to the evidence of hypotonic diverticular disease, with a large number of slender organisms in the colon epithelium and cryptae. Spirochetes were demonstrated by Whartin-Starry stain. The serologic tests for syphilis and HIV were positive. Spirochetosis was treated with penicillin G, and the patient remains free of intestinal complaints 20 months later.
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.Rev Soc Bras Med Trop.2005 Jan-Feb;38(1):56-7. Epub 2005 Jan 18.
A case of intestinal spirochetosis in a 62-year-old white male is reported. The condition was characterized by chronic flatulence and episodes of intestinal hemorrhage, in addition to the evidence of hypotonic diverticular disease, with a large number of slender organisms in the colon epithelium and
PMID 15717096

「扁桃陰窩」

Tonsillar crypts
	Low-power microscope magnification of a cross-section through one of the tonsillar crypts (running diagonally) as it opens onto the surface of the throat (at the top). Stratified epithelium (e) covers the throat's surface and continues as a lining of the crypt. Beneath the surface are numerous nodules (f) of lymphoid tissue. Many lymph cells (dark-colored region) pass from the nodules toward the surface and will eventually mix with the saliva as salivary corpuscles (s).
Details
Identifiers
Latin	cryptae tonsillares
TA	A05.2.01.015
FMA	76579
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]