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- 脅す,脅迫する / (空模様などが)険悪な,荒れそうな
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/05/08 21:27:14」(JST)
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For other uses, see Threat (disambiguation).
Threats can be subtle or overt. Actor Justus D. Barnes, in
The Great Train Robbery
A threat is an act of coercion wherein an act is proposed to elicit a negative response. It is a communicated intent to inflict harm or loss on another person. It can be a crime in many jurisdictions. Threat (intimidation) is widely seen in animals, particularly in a ritualized form, chiefly in order to avoid the unnecessary physical violence that can lead to physical damage or death of both conflicting parties.
Some of the more common types of threats forbidden by law are those made with an intent to obtain a pecuniary advantage or to compel a person to act against his or her will. In all states, it is an offense to threaten to (1) use a deadly weapon on another person; (2) injure another's person or property; or (3) injure another's reputation.[1]
Contents
- 1 Brazil
- 2 Germany
- 3 United States
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Brazil
In Brazil, the crime of threatening someone, defined as a threat to cause unjust and grave harm, is punishable by a fine or three months to one year in prison, as described in the Brazilian Penal Code, article 147. Brazilian jurisprudence does not treat as a crime a threat that was proffered in a heated discussion.
Germany
The German Strafgesetzbuch § 241 punishes the crime of threat with a prison term for up to one year or a fine. Even if someone, against his better judgment, feigns to another person that the realization of a serious criminal offense directed against him or a person close to him is imminent, shall be similarly punished.[2]
United States
In the United States, federal law criminalizes certain true threats transmitted via the U.S. mail[3] or in interstate commerce. It also criminalizes threatening the government officials of the United States. Some U.S. states criminalize cyberbullying.
See also
- Death threat
- Extortion
- Intimidation
- Non-credible threat
- Throffer
References
Notes
- ^ Phelps and Lehman, Shirelle and Jeffrey (2005). West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Detroit: Gale Virtual Reference Library. p. 27.
- ^ "Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, StGB)". Retrieved April 19, 2014.
- ^ 18 U.S.C. § 876
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English Journal
- Symptomatic presentation with cervical cancer in Uganda: a qualitative study assessing the pathways to diagnosis in a low-income country.
- Mwaka AD1, Okello ES, Wabinga H, Walter FM.
- BMC women's health.BMC Womens Health.2015 Dec;15:167. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0167-4. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
- BACKGROUND: Symptomatic cervical cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries usually present with late stage disease and have poor survival. We explored the views of cervical cancer patients on their symptom appraisal and interpretations, and their help-seeking including lay consultations.ME
- PMID 25783641
- A case with life-threatening uterine bleeding due to postmenopausal uterine arteriovenous malformation.
- Sato E1, Nakayama K, Nakamura K, Ishikawa M, Katagiri H, Kyo S.
- BMC women's health.BMC Womens Health.2015 Dec;15:163. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0163-8. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
- BACKGROUND: Uterine arteriovenous malformation is a rare but life-threatening condition that accounts for 1-2% of massive vaginal bleeding. Uterine arteriovenous malformations are less common after menopause. The condition can be diagnosed using Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, comput
- PMID 25783637
- Cues to Action as Motivators for Children's Brushing.
- Walker KK1, Steinfort EL, Keyler MJ.
- Health communication.Health Commun.2015 Sep;30(9):911-21. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2014.904030. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
- Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Home self-care procedures are the most important strategies to prevent tooth decay. Brushing is the most important single intervention for the prevention of tooth decay, yet compliance is not practiced and there is limited understanding of
- PMID 25204365
Japanese Journal
- Functional relevance of the precuneus in verbal politeness.
- Ashizuka Aoi,Mima Tatsuya,Sawamoto Nobukatsu,Aso Toshihiko,Oishi Naoya,Sugihara Genichi,Kawada Ryosaku,Takahashi Hidehiko,Murai Toshiya,Fukuyama Hidenao
- Neuroscience research 91, 48-56, 2015-02
- … Non-competitive and non-threatening aspects of social hierarchy, such as politeness, are universal among human cultures, and might have evolved from ritualized submission in primates; …
- NAID 120005593691
- Climate-Sensitive Urban Design in Cold Climate Zone: The City of Erzurum, Turkey
- Dogan Dursun,Merve Yavas
- International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development 3(1), 17-38, 2015-01-15
- … Urban heat island, urban sprawl, ventilation problems and existing air pollution, and high temperature differences in the city are the threatening factors for ecologically sustainable urban development. …
- NAID 120005611519
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- 関
- critically ill、grave、serious、seriously、severe