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The thoracodorsal nerve is a nerve present in humans and other animals, also known as the middle subscapular nerve or the long subscapular nerve. It supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle.

It arises from the brachial plexus. It derives its fibers from the sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves. It is derived from their ventral rami, in spite of the fact that the latissimus dorsi is found in the back. The thoracodorsal nerve is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and is made up of fibres from the posterior divisions of all three trunks of the brachial plexus.

It follows the course of the subscapular artery, along the posterior wall of the axilla to the Latissimus dorsi, in which it may be traced as far as the lower border of the muscle. It supplies latissimus dorsi on its deep surface.

The latissimus dorsi is occasionally used for transplantation, and for augmentation of systole in cardiac failure. In these cases, the nerve supply is preserved.

Additional images

Brachial plexus
The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front.
Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 934 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Dissection Video of Superficial Back showing the Thoracodorsal Nerve
Anatomy figure: 05:03-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The major subdivisions and terminal nerves of the brachial plexus."
Thoracodorsal Nerve - BlueLink Anatomy - University of Michigan Medical School

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 腋窩リンパ節郭清の手技technique of axillary lymph node dissection [show details]
…separately. Nerve injury – The risk of major motor nerve injury following an ALND is <1 percent. Injury to the long thoracic nerve results in a winged scapula. Injury to the thoracodorsal nerve weakens shoulder …
2. 上肢末梢神経症候群の概要overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes [show details]
…muscle). There are also a few case reports of successful treatment with nerve transfer using the thoracodorsal nerve or medial pectoral nerve . However, functional limitation due to isolated serratus anterior …
3. 頭皮、頸部および胴部の神経ブロック：手技nerve blocks of the scalp neck and trunk techniques [show details]
…Pecs I block, aims to block the pectoral nerves, intercostobrachial nerve, the intercostal nerves 3 through 6, the thoracodorsal nerve, and the long thoracic nerve. Pecs II involves two injections, the PECS …
4. Surgical reconstruction of the upper extremitysurgical reconstruction of the upper extremity [show details]
… evaluate their level of damage. However, nerve conduction studies and electromyography can aid the identification of the nerve lesion(s) in such cases. Nerve recovery following reconstruction is the …
5. 手術時や麻酔時の成人の体位patient positioning for surgery and anesthesia in adults [show details]
… General considerations for perioperative nerve injuries are discussed here. Nerve injuries related to specific positions are discussed in subsequent sections. Nerve injury after anesthesia is a rare event …

English Journal

Soft Tissue Reconstruction and Facial Reanimation With Bilateral Latissimus Dorsi Flaps After Extensive Resection of Head and Neck Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report.

Wong M, Ozaki M, Kurita M, Ihara A, Iwashina Y, Takushima A.
Annals of plastic surgery. 2019 May;().
We report a rare case of a 37-year-old man who presented with a huge arteriovenous malformation in the head and neck region. After resection, the 30 × 25 cm defect was reconstructed with a preexpanded musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap. The facial nerve had to be sacrificed during the resection
PMID 31135509

Latissimus Denervation: A Review of Evidence.

Lopez CD, Kraenzlin F, Frost C, Darrach H, Aravind P, Sacks JM.
Journal of reconstructive microsurgery. 2019 May;().
Breast reconstruction is becoming an increasingly important and accessible component of breast cancer care. Among the many reconstructive options available, the latissimus dorsi flap has experienced a renewal in popularity because of its favorable properties and outcomes when used for breast reco
PMID 31067584
PMID 30969583

Japanese Journal

広範囲軟部組織欠損に伴う尺骨神経損傷に対し前骨間神経を移行した 1 例

小林由香,齋藤育雄,高木岳彦,中島大輔,渡辺雅彦
日本マイクロサージャリー学会会誌 31(2), 98-102, 2018
… Nerve transfers allow for re-innervation of the affected nerve from an adjacent nerve source in order to innervate a distal target muscle. … We report a case involving extensive loss of soft tissue and loss of the ulnar nerve at the elbow joint. … The size of the soft tissue defect was 20×14 cm, and the defect along the path of the ulnar nerve was approximately 20 cm. …
NAID 130007410544

カマイルカ腕神経叢の肉眼解剖学的特徴

関谷伸一,南部久男,西岡満 [他]
日本セトロジー研究 (21), 1-8, 2011-06
… The brachial plexuses on both sides were formed by the union of the ventral rami of the lower six cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve. … At the axilla, the fascicle radially gave off many nerve branches.The phrenic nerve and the suprascapular nerve arose from the cranial margin of the plexus. … In contrast, the subscapular, the axillar, the radial, and the thoracodorsal nerves arose in turn from the dorsal surface of the brachial plexus. …
NAID 40018960290

低侵襲の頭頸部再建術:遊離穿通枝皮弁による頭頸部再建

光嶋勲,成島三長,飯田拓也,内田源太郎
頭頸部癌 34(3), 305-309, 2008
頭頸部再建に有用な穿通枝皮弁としては，橈骨動脈穿通枝皮弁, 胸背動脈穿通枝皮弁，深下腹壁動脈穿通枝皮弁，浅(深)腸骨回旋動脈穿通枝皮弁，前外側大腿皮弁，大腿筋膜張筋穿通枝皮弁，大殿動脈穿通枝皮弁などがある。穿通枝皮弁の特徴は，"主要な動脈，筋の犠牲がない。皮弁挙上が腫瘍切除と同時に短時間で終了する。thin flap にでき易い。皮弁採取部を自由に選択できる。穿通枝の解剖学的な位置に変異がある。" …
NAID 130004510021

「胸背神経」

Thoracodorsal nerve
	Plan of brachial plexus. (Label for thoracodorsal nerve at bottom center.)
	Latissimus dorsi
Details
From	posterior cord (C6-C8)
Innervates	Latissimus dorsi muscle
Identifiers
Latin	nervus thoracodorsalis
TA	A14.2.03.016
FMA	65290
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]