WordNet

a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores (同)Tl, atomic number 81
any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)

PrepTutorEJDIC

タリウム(金属元素;化学記号はT1)
塩化物

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/30 09:57:05」(JST)

wiki en

Thallium(I) chloride, also known as thallous chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula TlCl. This colourless solid is an intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores. Typically, an acidic solution of thallium(I) sulfate is treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate insoluble thallium(I) chloride. This solid crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif.^[2]

The low solubility of TlCl is exploited in chemical synthesis: treatment of metal chloride complexes with TlPF₆, gives the corresponding metal hexafluorophosphate derivative. The resulting TlCl precipitate is separated by filtration of the reaction mixture. The overall methodology is similar to the use of AgPF₆, except that Tl⁺ is much less oxidizing.

The crystalline structure is of cubic caesium chloride type at room temperature, but it lowers to the orthorombic thallium iodide type upon cooling, the transition temperature being likely affected by the impurities.^[3]^[4]^[5]

A very rare mineral lafossaite, Tl(Cl,Br), is a natural form of thallium(I) chloride.^[6]

Thallium(I) chloride, like all thallium compounds, is highly toxic, although its low solubility limits its toxicity to a degree.

A radioactive isotope, thallium-201 chloride, also known as thallous chloride Tl 201, is used as a tracer in medical imaging.

References

^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ M Blackman et al "The Polymorphism of Thallium and Other Halides at Low Temperatures" Proc. Phys. Soc. 77 (1961) 471
^ A-V Mudring "Thallium Halides – New Aspects of the Stereochemical Activity of Electron Lone Pairs of Heavier Main-Group Elements" Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6 (2007) 882
^ R. P. Lowndes and C. H. Perry "Molecular structure and anharmonicity in thallium iodide" J. Chem. Phys. 58, 271 (1973)
^ http://www.mindat.org/min-27521.html

This inorganic compound–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes
2. 代謝性アルカローシスの臨床症状および評価 clinical manifestations and evaluation of metabolic alkalosis
3. 嚢胞性線維症：臨床症状および診断 cystic fibrosis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 治療を受けた非ST上昇型急性冠症候群患者の退院前の重症度分類における核種心筋血流イメージング radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in predischarge risk stratification of medically treated patients with non st elevation acute coronary syndrome
5. 代謝性アルカローシスの病因 pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis

English Journal

Stress-induced myocardial ischemia is associated with early post-stress left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony as assessed by phase analysis of 201Tl gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

Chen CC, Shen TY, Chang MC, Hung GU, Chen WC, Kao CH, Chen J.SourceDepartment of Cardiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging.2012 Dec;39(12):1904-9. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2208-7. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
PURPOSE: In (201)Tl SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) data are acquired shortly after the stress injection to assess early post-stress left ventricle (LV) function. The purpose of this study was to use (201)Tl SPECT MPI to investigate whether stress-induced myocardial ischemia is associated w
PMID 22875446

Gamma radiation measurements and Monte Carlo computations following myocardial perfusion imaging with 201Tl.

Clouvas A, Xanthos S.SourceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece. clouvas@eng.auth.gr
Radiation protection dosimetry.Radiat Prot Dosimetry.2012 Dec;152(4):414-7. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncs073. Epub 2012 May 17.
In the current study, the time-dependent retention of (201)Tl-thallous chloride (111 MBq) was measured in a 56-y-old man undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging. For 23 d following the (201)Tl injection, total-body retained activity was measured by (i) in situ gamma spectrometry using a portable hig
PMID 22611205
PMID 22777859

Japanese Journal

Utility of Thallium-201 Scintigraphy in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 229(1), 83-86, 2013-01-01
NAID 10031143091

Novel method for quantitative evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis using ^<201>TlCl and ^<99m>Tc-PYP SPECT

Annals of nuclear medicine 26(8), 634-643, 2012-10-01
NAID 10031126412

An Investigation of the Early Detection of Radiation Induced Apoptosis by ⁹⁹[m]Tc-Annexin V and ²⁰¹Thallium-Chloride in a Lung Cancer Cell Line

Journal of Radiation Research 53(3), 361-367, 2012
NAID 130001876855

「塩化タリウム」

Thallium(I) chloride
Names
	IUPAC names Thallium monochloride; Thallium(I) chloride
	Other names Thallous chloride
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	7791-12-0
ChEBI	CHEBI:37117
ChemSpider	23044
	InChI InChI=1S/ClH.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 ; Key: GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/ClH.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1; Key: GBECUEIQVRDUKB-REWHXWOFAE ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
PubChem	24642
	SMILES Cl[Tl] ;
Properties
Chemical formula	TlCl
Molar mass	239.82 g/mol
Appearance	white, odorless crystalline solid
Density	7.004 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point	430 °C (806 °F; 703 K)
Boiling point	720 °C (1,328 °F; 993 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	0.29 g/100 mL (15.5 °C); 0.318 g/100 mL (20 °C); 2.41 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	insoluble in alcohol, acetone, NH4OH
Refractive index (nD)	2.247
Hazards
Safety data sheet	http://www.crystran.co.uk/uploads/files/178.pdf
EU classification	Very toxic (T+); Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R26/28, R33, R51/53
S-phrases	(S1/2), S13, S28, S45, S61
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	24 mg/kg, oral, mouse
Related compounds
Other anions	Thallium(I) fluoride; Thallium(I) bromide; Thallium(I) iodide
Other cations	Thallium(III) chloride; Silver(I) chloride; Lead(II) chloride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is: /?)
	Infobox references