n.

尾、尾部、テイル

関: caudal portion

WordNet

remove the stalk of fruits or berries
any projection that resembles the tail of an animal (同)tail_end
the rear part of an aircraft (同)tail assembly, empennage
(usually plural) the reverse side of a coin that does not bear the representation of a persons head
the posterior part of the body of a vertebrate especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body
a spy employed to follow someone and report their movements (同)shadow, shadower
grey flycatcher of the southwestern United States and Mexico and Central America having a long forked tail and white breast and salmon and scarlet markings (同)scissortailed flycatcher, Muscivora-forficata
a bandage consisting of a strip of cloth split in two on both ends; the central part is placed under the chin to restrict motion of the mandible and the tails are tied over the top of the head
having longitudinal stripes overlaid with light spots; upland lizard of United States southwest and Mexico (同)Cnemidophorus exsanguis
long-necked river duck of the Old and New Worlds having elongated central tail feathers (同)pin-tailed duck, Anas acuta
of Eurasia and Greenland and North America (同)field horsetail, Equisetum arvense
having a tail of a specified kind; often used in combination

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『尾』,しっぽ / 〈C〉『尾に似た物』;(飛行機・車の)尾部 / 〈C〉(…の)『後部』,末端,終り(底)の部分《+of+名》 / 〈C〉コインの裏側 / 《複数形で》燕尾(えんび)服(tail coat) / 〈C〉《俗》しり,けつ / 〈C〉《俗》尾行者 / …‘に'尾をつける / 《話》〈人〉‘を'尾行する / 〈物・音が〉しだいに減ってゆく,消えてゆく《+away(off, out)》
ありがと

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/26 09:56:49」(JST)

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この項目では、プログラムについて説明しています。その他の用法については「テール」をご覧ください。

tail（テール）はUNIXおよびUNIX系のシステムで、テキストファイルやパイプ上のデータの末尾から数行を表示するプログラムである。Coreutils の一部。

文法

このコマンドの文法は以下の通り。

tail [options] <file_name>

デフォルトでは、tail は入力の末尾10行を標準出力に表示する。表示すべき行数はコマンド行オプションで指定でき、表示単位（行、ブロック、バイトなど）も変更できる。以下の例では、filename の末尾20行を表示する。

tail -n 20 filename

次の例では、名前が foo* で始まる全てのファイルの末尾15バイトを表示する。

tail -c 15 foo*

次の例では、filename の先頭から2行目以降を全て表示する。

tail -n +2 filename

古い文法では（Solaris など）、filename の末尾20行の表示や末尾50バイトの表示は次のように記される。

tail -20 filename
tail -50c filename

しかし、この構文は既に古く、POSIX 1003.1-2001 に準拠していない。現在のバージョンでこの構文がサポートされているとしても、他のオプション（たとえば後述の -f）とともに指定することはできない。

ファイル監視

tail には特殊なコマンド行オプション -f (follow) があり、ファイルの監視ができる。末尾数行を表示して終了するのではなく、表示後もファイルの監視を続ける。他のプロセスの処理によって新たな行がそのファイルに追加されると、tail は表示を更新する。これは特にログファイルを監視するのに便利である。以下のコマンドは messages の最後尾10行を表示後、messages に新たな行が追加される度にそれを表示する。

tail -f /var/adm/messages

監視中の tail を停止させるには、CTRL-C を押下する。このコマンドは & を付けてバックグラウンドで実行することもできる（ジョブコントロール）。

また、類似オプションとして -F (follow) が設けられているものも存在する。-f はコマンド起動時に開いたファイルを監視するが、-F は開いたファイルのinodeを監視し、inode 番号の変化を検出すると、ファイルを開き直す。以下のコマンドは前例同様 messages の最後尾10行を表示後、messages に新たな行が追加される度にそれを表示する。

tail -F /var/adm/messages

前者との違いは、/var/adm/messages がローテートされると、前者ではローテートに伴う移動先のファイル（例えば messages.1 など）を監視しつづけるのに対し、後者では /var/adm/messages を監視しつづける点である。

類似のプログラム

CCZE - tail に似ているが、表示がカラーになっている。
pctail - CCZE に似た、Python で書かれた色つき Tail。
root-tail - X Window Systemのルートウィンドウに出力を表示する。
Inotail - 本来の tail は新たな表示すべきデータがあるかどうかを毎秒チェックする。Inotail は Linuxカーネルにある inotify インタフェースを使うので、本当に何らかの新たなデータがあるときだけチェックする。
MultiTail - ログファイルをカラーで表示するだけでなく、マージ、フィルター、スクロールバック、サブウィンドウへの分割などが可能。tail、sed、watch、CCZE/pctail、grep、diff、Beeper などの組合せである。

外部リンク

tail (1) マニュアル JM Project
FreeBSD documentation for tail（英語）
tail(1) man page（SunOS リファレンスマニュアル）
tail(1) man page（HP-UX リファレンス）

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A lion's tail

The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds. While tails are primarily a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates including scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are sometimes referred to as tails. Tailed objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" and the part of the body associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal".

Function

Vulpes lagopus (Arctic fox) sleeping with its tail wrapped as a blanket.

Animal tails are used in a variety of ways. They provide a source of locomotion for fish and some other forms of marine life. Many land animals use their tails to brush away flies and other biting insects. Some species, including cats and kangaroos, use their tails for balance; and some, such as New World monkeys and opossums, have what are known as prehensile tails, which are adapted to allow them to grasp tree branches.

Tails are also used for social signaling. Some deer species flash the white underside of their tails to warn other nearby deer of possible danger, and canids (including domestic dogs) indicate emotions through the positioning and movement of their tails. Some species' tails are armored, and some, such as those of scorpions, contain venom.

Some species of lizard can detach ("cast") their tails from their bodies. This can help them to escape predators, which are either distracted by the wriggling, detached tail or left with only the tail while the lizard flees. Tails cast in this manner generally grow back over time, though the replacement is typically darker in colour than the original.

Most birds' tails end in long feathers called rectrices. These feathers are used as a rudder, helping the bird steer and maneuver in flight; they also help the bird to balance while it is perched. In some species—such as birds of paradise, lyrebirds, and most notably peafowl—modified tail feathers play an important role in courtship displays. The extra-stiff tail feathers of other species, including woodpeckers and woodcreepers, allow them to brace themselves firmly against tree trunks.

The tails of grazing animals, such as horses, are used both to sweep away insects and positioned or moved in ways that indicate the animal's physical or emotional state.

Types

A scut is a short, erect tail. Hares, rabbits, and deer have scuts.
A prehensile tail is a tail that can grasp or hold objects. Examples are monkeys, rats and snakes (prehensile body).

Human tails

Human embryos have a tail that measures about one-sixth of the size of the embryo itself.^[1] As the embryo develops into a fetus, the tail is absorbed by the growing body. The developmental tail is thus a human vestigial structure.^[2]^[3] Infrequently, a child is born with a "soft tail", which contains no vertebrae, but only blood vessels, muscles, and nerves.

Humans have a "tail bone" (the coccyx) attached to the pelvis, formed of fused vertebrae, usually four, at the bottom of the vertebral column. It does not protrude externally.

Gallery

Scorpion
Pig (Sus domestica)
Glyptodon (Glyptodon asper)
Longhorn cowfish (Lactoria cornuta)
Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi)
Polo pony (Equus ferus caballus)
American alligator (Alligator mississipiensis)
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

References

^ "Human fetuses have tails, proving that evolution is true". The Free Lance-Star. July 5, 2005. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
^ "Human tail–caudal appendage: tethered cord". Nature. February 1, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
^ "The 'human tail' causing tethered cervical cord". Nature (journal). November 14, 2006. Retrieved 2009-04-28.

UpToDate Contents

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Citral degradation in micellar structures formed with polyoxyethylene-type surfactants.

Park SJ1, Hong CR1, Choi SJ2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Mar 1;170:443-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.089. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
In a micellar solution, the chemical degradation of poorly water-soluble food flavours can be influenced by the properties of the surfactants forming the micelles in aqueous solutions. To evaluate how hydrophilic head size and hydrophobic tail length influence the chemical degradation rate of food f
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One-pot synthesis of magnetite nanorods/graphene composites and its catalytic activity toward electrochemical detection of dopamine.

Salamon J1, Sathishkumar Y2, Ramachandran K1, Lee YS2, Yoo DJ3, Kim AR4, Gnana Kumar G5.
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Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanorods anchored over reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized through a one-pot synthesis method, where the reduction of GO and in-situ generation of Fe3O4 nanorods occurred concurrently. The average head and tail diameter of Fe3O4 nanorods anchored over the rGO matrix are f
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International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Feb 15;136(3):560-71. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29015. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
We detected low levels of acetylation for histone H3 tail lysines in malignant mesothelioma (MM) cell lines resistant to histone deacetylase inhibitors. To identify the possible genetic causes related to the low histone acetylation levels, whole-exome sequencing was conducted with MM cell lines esta
PMID 24916674

Antioxidant activities of annatto and palm tocotrienol-rich fractions in fish oil and structured lipid-based infant formula emulsion.

Zou L1, Akoh CC2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Feb 1;168:504-11. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.098. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
The abilities of annatto and palm tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRFs), as natural antioxidants, to inhibit lipid oxidation in menhaden fish oil and structured lipid-based infant formula emulsion, were evaluated and compared. The peroxide and anisidine values of the bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsion s
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Japanese Journal

Optimization of Anomalous Cells with High SET Resistance in Phase Change Memory Arrays

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… The SET distribution shows a high resistance tail, which potentially affects the reading margin of the chip. … To further understand the anomalous behaviors of these tail cells, the SET resistances are characterized in terms of the programming pulse current magnitude and duration. … These tail cells are probably caused by incomplete crystallization of the inactive region of phase change material. …
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J Phys Soc Jpn 82(1), 14003-14003, 2013-01-15
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