Position of the supraspinatus muscle (red) seen from the back.
Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Supraspinatus muscle is labeled in red at right, while it is covered by other muscles at left.
Details
Origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Artery
suprascapular artery
Nerve
suprascapular nerve
Actions
abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus see part on controversy of action.
Identifiers
Latin
musculus supraspinatus
TA
A04.6.02.006
FMA
9629
Anatomical terms of muscle
[edit on Wikidata]
The supraspinatus (plural supraspinati) is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine.
Contents
1Structure
1.1Nerve supply
2Function
3Clinical significance
3.1Tear
4Additional images
5References
6External links
Structure
The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapula above its spine. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of the acromion. Research in 1996 showed that the postero-lateral origin was more lateral than classically described.[1][2]
The supraspinatus tendon is inserted into the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.[3] The distal attachments of the three rotator cuff muscles that insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus can be abbreviated as SIT when viewed from superior to inferior (for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor), or SITS when the subscapularis muscle, which attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus, is included.[4]
Nerve supply
The suprascapular nerve (C5) innervates the supraspinatus muscle as well as the infraspinatus muscle. It comes from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.
This nerve can be damaged along its course in fractures of the overlying clavicle, which can reduce the person's ability to initiate the abduction.
Function
The supraspinatus muscle performs abduction of the arm, and pulls the head of the humerus medially towards the glenoid cavity.[5] It independently prevents the head of the humerus to slip inferiorly.[5] The supraspinatus works in cooperation with the deltoid muscle to perform abduction, including when the arm is in adducted position.[5] Beyond 15 degrees the deltoid muscle becomes increasingly more effective at abducting the arm and becomes the main propagator of this action.[6]
Clinical significance
Tear
Diagnosis
Antero-posterior projectional radiography of the shoulder may demonstrate a high-riding humeral head, with an acromiohumeral distance of less than 7 mm.[7]
Repair
One study has indicated that arthroscopic surgery for full-thickness supraspinatus tears is effective for improving shoulder functionality.[8]
A comparative effectiveness review of nonoperative and operative treatments for rotator cuff tears was performed at the University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center in 2010. The review identified one study which reported that, "Patients receiving early surgery had superior function compared with the delayed surgical group". The review noted that the level of significance of the study was not reported, and the review chose not to include it as one of their conclusions. Instead it concluded that "The paucity of evidence related to early versus delayed surgery is of particular concern, as patients and providers must decide whether to attempt initial nonoperative management or proceed immediately with surgical repair". In terms of operative techniques, differences in neither cuff integrity nor shoulder function were reported in studies comparing single-row versus double-row suture anchor fixation and mattress locking versus absorbable sutures. Postoperatively, a slight advantage was evident in patients who performed continuous passive motion alongside physical therapy, as opposed to those who solely performed physical therapy. There is insufficient evidence to adequately compare the effects of operative against nonoperative interventions. Complications were reported very seldom, or were not determined to be clinically significant.[9]
A 2016 study evaluating the effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff calcification firmly supported surgical intervention. Calcification of the supraspinatus tendon is a major contributor to shoulder pain in the general population and is often worsened following a supraspinatus tear. The results of the study included the return to sports and original functionality of 95.8% of the patients after a mean of 5.3 post-operative months. A significant decrease in pain was observed over time following removal of the calcification. The study showed the overall effectiveness of arthroscopic procedures on shoulder repair, and the lack of risk experienced.[10] Before surgery, supraspinatus tendonitis should be ruled out as the cause of pain.
Additional images
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Position of the supraspinatus muscle (shown in red). Animation.
Muscles around the left shoulder, seen from behind. 3. Latissimus dorsi muscle 5. Teres major muscle 6. Teres minor muscle 7. Supraspinatus muscle 8. Infraspinatus muscle 13. long head of Triceps brachii muscle.
Action of right supraspinatus muscle, anterior view. Three bones shown are acromion (top) and coracoid process (center) of scapula, and humerus (left).
Diagram of the human shoulder joint, front view
Diagram of the human shoulder joint, back view
References
^Thomazeau, H.; Duval, J. M.; Darnault, P.; Dréano, T. (1996). "Anatomical relationships and scapular attachments of the supraspinatus muscle". Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 18 (3): 221–5. doi:10.1007/BF02346130. PMID 8873337.
^D.F. Gazielly, P. Gleyze & T. Thomas, 1996, "The Cuff," Elsevier, ISBN 2906077844, see [1], accessed 21 November 2014.[page needed]
^"Injured Shoulder". Retrieved 16 December 2015.
^MedicalMnemonics.com: 35
^ abcDavid G. Simons; Janet G. Travell; Lois S. Simons (1999). Travell & Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: Upper half of body. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 541–. ISBN 978-0-683-08363-7.
^Drake & Vogl & Mitchell (2014-04-03). Gray´s Anatomy for students 3rd edition. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 9780702051319.
^Moosikasuwan JB, Miller TT, Burke BJ (2005). "Rotator cuff tears: clinical, radiographic, and US findings". Radiographics. 25 (6): 1591–607. doi:10.1148/rg.256045203. PMID 16284137.
^Bennett, William F. "Arthroscopic Supraspinatus Repair". Bennett Orthopedics & Sportsmedicine. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
^Seida J, Schouten J, Mousavi S, Tjosvold L, Vandermeer B, Milne A, Bond K, Hartling L, LeBlanc C, Sheps D. Comparative Effectiveness of Nonoperative and Operative Treatment for Rotator Cuff Tears. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 22. (Prepared by the University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-02-0023.) AHRQ Publication No. 10-EHC050. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. July 2010. Available at: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm.
^Ranalletta M, Rossi LA, Sirio A, Bruchmann G, Maignon GD, Bongiovanni SL (October 2016). "Return to Sports After Arthroscopic Treatment of Rotator Cuff Calcifications in Athletes". Orthop J Sports Med. 4 (10): 2325967116669310. doi:10.1177/2325967116669310. PMC 5084521. PMID 27826596.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Supraspinatus muscles.
GoogleBody - Supraspinatus muscle
v
t
e
Muscles of the arm
Shoulder
deltoid
rotator cuff
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
teres major
fascia:
deltoid fascia
supraspinous fascia
infraspinous fascia
Arm (compartments)
anterior
coracobrachialis
biceps
brachialis
posterior
triceps brachii
anconeus
articularis cubiti
fascia
axillary sheath
axillary fascia
brachial fascia
intermuscular septa
lateral
medial
other
spaces
quadrangular space
triangular space
triangular interval
Forearm
anterior
superficial:
pronator teres
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
deep:
pronator quadratus
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
posterior
superficial:
mobile wad
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
deep:
supinator
anatomical snuff box
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
fascia
bicipital aponeurosis
common tendons
extensor
flexor
antebrachial fascia
other
cubital tunnel
Hand
lateral volar
thenar
opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis
medial volar
hypothenar
opponens digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi
palmaris brevis
intermediate
lumbrical
interossei
dorsal
palmar
fascia
posterior:
extensor retinaculum
extensor expansion
anterior:
flexor retinaculum
palmar aponeurosis
Authority control
TA98: A04.6.02.006
UpToDate Contents
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…important way of evaluating supraspinatus function. Many authors consider this the gold standard for evaluating supraspinatus function as this position makes the supraspinatus the primary muscle opposing …
…the supraspinatus tendon. The supraspinatus muscle assists in abduction and external rotation of the shoulder. Researchers have tried to identify accurate clinical methods of assessing supraspinatus function …
…Most rotator cuff tears start as partial undersurface (ie, on the articular side) tears of the supraspinatus tendon. They may result from secondary impingement syndrome. Secondary impingement of the rotator…
…isolate the supraspinatus but are performed with alternative positioning have been found to compress subacromial structures. The progression of exercises used to strengthen the supraspinatus consists of …
…entail compression of structures within the shoulder, including the four rotator cuff muscles (ie, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis), subacromial bursa, labrum, and biceps tendon …
English Journal
Adipocyte hyperplasia: the primary mechanism of supraspinatus intramuscular fat accumulation after a complete rotator cuff tendon tear: a study in the rabbit.
Trudel G, Uhthoff HK, Wong K, Dupuis J, Laneuville O.
Adipocyte. 2019 Dec;8(1)144-153.
Intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulates in muscles of the rotator cuff after tendon tear. The number and cross-sectional area of fat clumps and of adipocytes were quantified on osmium tetroxide stained sections of the proximal, middle and distal quarters of SSP muscles 4, 8 and 12 weeks after SSP tendon
Assessments of activities of daily living after arthroscopic SLAP repair with knot-tying versus knotless suture anchors.
Reinig Y, Welsch F, Hoffmann R, Müller D, Gramlich S, Fischer S, Schüttler KF, Zimmermann E, Stein T.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery. 2019 Jul;139(7)981-990.
The clinical influence of knot-tying or knotless anchor systems for the arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions (superior labrum lesion from anterior to posterior) remain unclear. In a retrospective cohort analysis, 61 of 78 (78.2%) patients with isolated symptomatic SLAP II lesions were examined with a
Muscular hemorrhages around the scapula resulting from excessive upper extremity motion in cases of fatal drowning: autopsy findings for insights on manner of death.
Muscular hemorrhages around the scapula are frequently found in fatal drowning cases without injuries in the upper back at time of autopsy. The present study investigated the frequency of muscular hemorrhages around the scapula and determined the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. Muscular h
What Is a Supraspinatus Tear?. The supraspinatus is one of the four major tendons and muscles that make up the rotator cuff in the shoulder. This tendon can sometimes become inflamed and tear from overuse or a fall.
If you’ve experienced a rotator cuff tear, there’s a good chance that it could be a supraspinatus tear. It is the most common tendon to be damaged in the shoulder. This is what a tear or rupture of the tendon connected to the ...
