adj.

皮下の、真皮下の

関: s.c.、subcutaneous、subcutaneously

WordNet

below the skin; "inject subcutaneously"

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皮下の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/19 06:33:55」(JST)

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The subcutaneous tissue (from Latin subcutaneous, meaning "beneath the skin"), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (from Greek, meaning "beneath the skin"), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates.^[3] The types of cells found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The hypodermis is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants.

The hypodermis is beneath dermis which is beneath epidermis. It is used mainly for fat storage.

A layer of tissue lies immediately below the dermis of vertebrate skin. It is often referred to as subcutaneous tissue though this is a less precise and anatomically inaccurate term. The hypodermis consists primarily of loose connective tissue and lobules of fat. It contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis.

Composition

Subcutaneous tissue consists of:

Fibrous bands anchoring the skin to the deep fascia^[4]
Collagen and elastin fibers attaching it to the dermis^[5]
Fat, except in the eyelids, clitoris, penis, much of pinna, and scrotum^[1]
Blood vessels on route to the dermis^[6]
Lymphatic vessels on route from dermis^[7]
The glandular part of some sweat glands; mammary gland lie entirely within the subcutaneous tissue^[8] (which are modified apocrine sweat glands)^[9]
Cutaneous nerves^[7] and free endings
Hair follicle roots
Ruffini^[2]^:478 and Pacinian corpuscles
Mast cells^[10]
Bursae, in the space overlying joints in order to facilitate smooth passage of overlying skin
Fine, flat sheets of muscle, in certain locations, including the scalp, face, hand, nipple, and scrotum, called the panniculus carnosus

In some animals, such as whales and hibernating mammals, the hypodermis forms an important insulating layer and/or food store.

In some plants, the hypodermis is a layer of cells immediately below the epidermis of leaves. It is often mechanically strengthened, for example, in pine leaves, forming an extra protective layer or a water storage tissue.

Subcutaneous fat

Subcutaneous fat is the layer of subcutaneous tissue that is most widely distributed.^[1] It is composed of adipocytes, which are grouped together in lobules separated by connective tissue.^[5] The number of adipocytes varies among different areas of the body, while their size varies according to the body's nutritional state.^[11] It acts as padding and as an energy reserve, as well as providing some minor thermoregulation via insulation.^[5]^[2] Subcutaneous fat is found just beneath the skin, as opposed to visceral fat, which is found in the peritoneal cavity,^[12] and can be measured using body fat calipers to give a rough estimate of total body adiposity.^[13] It is thickest in the buttocks, palms, and soles. ^[14]

Injection

Injection into the subcutaneous tissue is a route of administration used for drugs such as insulin: because it is highly vascular, the tissue absorbs drugs quickly.^[2]^:135 Subcutaneous injection is believed to be the most effective manner to administer some drugs, such as human growth hormones. Just as the subcutaneous tissue can store fat, it can also provide good storage space for drugs that need to be released gradually because there is limited blood flow. "Skin popping" is a slang term that includes this method of administration, and is usually used in association with recreational drugs.

Pathology

Subcutaneous abscess
Subcutaneous tumor

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "The Integument". Terminologia Anatomica. 1998.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kenneth, Saladin (2007). Human Anatomy. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 135, 478, 602. ISBN 0071259716.
^ Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary (4th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. 1994. pp. 998, 774, 1497. ISBN 978-0801672255.
^ Mcminn (October 2003). Lasts Anatomy Regional and Applied. Elsevier Australia. p. 3. ISBN 0729537528.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The hypodermis". An Organ Revealed. L'Oréal. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
^ Tamarkin, Dawn A. "Unit 4: Skin & Bone Structure". Sprinfield Technical Community College. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b O'Rahilly, Ronan; Müller, Fabiola; Carpenter, Stanley; Swenson, Rand; Dartmouth Medical School. "Chapter 4: The skin, hair and nails". Basic Human Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure. Retrieved 9 June 2013. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Fischer, Josef E.; Bland, Kirby I.; Callery, Mark P. (18 December 2006). Mastery of Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 482. ISBN 078177165X.
^ Krstic, Radivoj V. (18 March 2004). Human Microscopic Anatomy: An Atlas for Students of Medicine and Biology. Springer. p. 466. ISBN 9783540536666.
^ Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Katz, Stephen I.; Gilchrest, Barbara A.; Paller, Amy S.; Leffell, David J.; Wolff, Klaus. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (8 ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 64. ISBN 978-0071669047. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ "Subcutaneous Tissue". Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "Abdominal fat and what to do about it". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2006. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ Orphanidou, C; McCargar, L; Birmingham, C; Mathieson, J; Goldner, E (August 1994). "Accuracy of subcutaneous fat measurement: comparison of skinfold calipers, ultrasound, and computed tomography". Journal of the American Dietetic Association 94 (8): 855–858. doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92363-9. ISSN 0002-8223.
^ Farris, Patricia K. "Skin Anatomy and Physiology". Nu Skin. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 原発性および二次性リンパ浮腫の外科的マネージメント operative management of primary and secondary lymphedema
2. 下肢慢性静脈疾患の分類 classification of lower extremity chronic venous disorders
3. エトノゲストレル避妊インプラント etonogestrel contraceptive implant
4. Z形成術 z plasty
5. 下肢慢性静脈疾患の概要およびマネージメント overview and management of lower extremity chronic venous disease

English Journal

Postabortion Initiation of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception by Adolescent and Nulliparous Women in New Zealand.

Rose SB1, Garrett SM2.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.J Adolesc Health.2016 Feb;58(2):160-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.025. Epub 2015 Nov 18.
PURPOSE: To describe changes in receipt of immediate postabortion long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) by adolescent and nulliparous women in New Zealand.METHODS: Nationally collected data on immediate postabortion receipt of an intrauterine method (intrauterine device [IUD]/intrauterine syst
PMID 26603946

Cryopreserved human umbilical cord patch for in-utero spina bifida repair.

Papanna R1,2, Moise KJ Jr1,2, Mann LK1,3, Fletcher S4, Schniederjan R5, Bhattacharjee MB5, Stewart RJ6, Kaur S6, Prabhu SP7, Tseng SC8.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.2016 Feb;47(2):168-76. doi: 10.1002/uog.15790.
OBJECTIVE: To identify a patch system to repair surgically created spina bifida in a sheep model for its efficacy in healing the skin defect, protecting the underlying spinal cord and reducing the Chiari II malformation.METHODS: Spina bifida was created surgically in 16 fetuses from eight timed-preg
PMID 26489897

Outer Fascia of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle as an Anchoring Target Tissue in Double Eyelid Surgery.

Choi Y1, Eo S.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2016 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Natural adhesion between the levator aponeurosis and the subcutaneous layer in the upper lid is essential for an aesthetically pleasing double eyelid. The study aims to emphasize the outer fascia of orbicularis oculi muscle (OFOOM) as a fixation point on the double eyelid surgery.METHODS
PMID 26825740

Japanese Journal

症例石灰沈着を伴った上眼瞼後退症の1例

福屋安彦,大橋正和,内田悦弘 [他]
形成外科 54(2), 187-193, 2011-02
NAID 40018712640

Medial Meatal Fibrosis 例

山戸章行,北原糺,今井貴夫,土井勝美,猪原秀典
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 103(10), 909-913, 2010-10-01
… External auditory meatus inflammation was quite moderate, so the external ear canal skin was preserved, the removed thickened subdermal connective tissue removed, and the bony external ear canal drilled to enlarge the meatus diameter. …
NAID 10026686096

30 Subdermal emphysemaを合併したRASTでRabbit陽性のasthmaの1例(気管支喘息-管理3,一般演題,第21回日本アレルギー学会春季臨床大会)

野口祥世,藤田悦生,大江洋介,元村正明,桑山真輝,服部英喜,乾礼興,瀬川恵子,正岡亜子,星田四朗,山縣俊之,東田有智,米田正太郎
アレルギー 58(3・4), 396, 2009-04-30
NAID 110007455355

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「s.c.」「皮下」「subcutaneously」「真皮下」

「s.c.」

Subcutaneous tissue
	The hypodermis is the lower layer of skin shown in the diagram above
Latin	tela subcutanea
System	integumentary
Artery	Posterior intercostal arteries
MeSH	Subcutaneous+Tissue
Code	TH H3.12.00.2.00001

　　[★]

皮下注射、皮下

関: hypodermic injection、subcutaneous、subcutaneous injection、subcutaneously、subdermal

「皮下」

　　[★]

英: subcutaneous、subdermal、subcutaneously、s.c.
関: 皮下注射、真皮下

「subcutaneously」

　　[★]

adv.

皮下に

関: s.c.、subcutaneous、subdermal

「真皮下」

　　[★]

英: subdermal
関: 皮下

[ta98-1] "The Integument". Terminologia Anatomica. 1998.

[kenneth2007-2] Kenneth, Saladin (2007). Human Anatomy. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 135, 478, 602. ISBN 0071259716.

[3] Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary (4th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. 1994. pp. 998, 774, 1497. ISBN 978-0801672255.

[mcminn2003-4] Mcminn (October 2003). Lasts Anatomy Regional and Applied. Elsevier Australia. p. 3. ISBN 0729537528.

[loreal-5] "The hypodermis". An Organ Revealed. L'Oréal. Retrieved 4 June 2013.

[tamarkin-6] Tamarkin, Dawn A. "Unit 4: Skin & Bone Structure". Sprinfield Technical Community College. Retrieved 8 June 2013.

[dartmouth-7] O'Rahilly, Ronan; Müller, Fabiola; Carpenter, Stanley; Swenson, Rand; Dartmouth Medical School. "Chapter 4: The skin, hair and nails". Basic Human Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure. Retrieved 9 June 2013. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[fischer2006-8] Fischer, Josef E.; Bland, Kirby I.; Callery, Mark P. (18 December 2006). Mastery of Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 482. ISBN 078177165X.

[krstic04-9] Krstic, Radivoj V. (18 March 2004). Human Microscopic Anatomy: An Atlas for Students of Medicine and Biology. Springer. p. 466. ISBN 9783540536666.

[goldsmith-10] Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Katz, Stephen I.; Gilchrest, Barbara A.; Paller, Amy S.; Leffell, David J.; Wolff, Klaus. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (8 ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 64. ISBN 978-0071669047. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[mesh-11] "Subcutaneous Tissue". Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

[harvard2006-12] "Abdominal fat and what to do about it". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2006. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

[orphanidou1994-13] Orphanidou, C; McCargar, L; Birmingham, C; Mathieson, J; Goldner, E (August 1994). "Accuracy of subcutaneous fat measurement: comparison of skinfold calipers, ultrasound, and computed tomography". Journal of the American Dietetic Association 94 (8): 855–858. doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92363-9. ISSN 0002-8223.

[farris-14] Farris, Patricia K. "Skin Anatomy and Physiology". Nu Skin. Retrieved 5 June 2013.

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案内

subdermal