結膜下出血
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- 出血,(特に)大量出血 / 多量に出血する
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/02/20 15:52:29」(JST)
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Subconjunctival hemorrhage |
Classification and external resources |
Subconjunctival hemorrhage causing red coloration as result of ruptured blood vessel in the eye.
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ICD-10 |
H11.3 |
ICD-9 |
372.72 |
MedlinePlus |
001616 |
eMedicine |
oph/270 |
(Top) A stress induced subconjunctival hemorrhage in the left eye one week after hemorrhaging. (Bottom) Same hemorrhage four weeks after hemorrhaging. Some of the blood in the sclera has turned yellow, like a bruise.
A subconjunctival hemorrhage (or subconjunctival haemorrhage) also known as hyposphagma, is bleeding underneath the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva contains many small, fragile blood vessels that are easily ruptured or broken. When this happens, blood leaks into the space between the conjunctiva and sclera.
Such a hemorrhage may be caused by a sudden or severe sneeze or cough, or due to hypertension or as a side effect of blood thinners.[1] It may also be caused by heavy lifting, vomiting, or even rubbing one's eyes too roughly.[2][3] In other cases, it may result from being choked or from straining due to constipation. Also, it can result as a minor post-operative complication in eye surgeries such as LASIK.
Whereas a bruise typically appears black or blue underneath the skin, a subconjunctival hemorrhage initially appears bright-red underneath the transparent conjunctiva. Later, the hemorrhage may spread and become green or yellow, like a bruise. Usually this disappears within 2 weeks.[4]
Although its appearance may be alarming, in general a subconjunctival hemorrhage is a painless and harmless condition; however, it may be associated with high blood pressure, trauma to the eye, or a base of skull fracture if there is no posterior border of the hemorrhage visible.
Causes[edit]
- Mask squeeze from diving and not equalizing your mask pressure during descent
- Eye trauma
- Congenital or acquired (coagulation disorder)
- Head injury
- Whooping cough or other extreme sneezing or coughing [1] [2]
- Severe hypertension
- LASIK
- Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (caused by Enterovirus 70 or Coxsackie A virus)
- Leptospirosis
- Increased venous pressure (e.g., extreme g-force, straining, vomiting, choking, or coughing) [1] [2] [3]
Subconjunctival hemorrhages in infants may be associated with scurvy (a vitamin C deficiency),[5][6] abuse or traumatic asphyxia syndrome.[7]
Management[edit]
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is typically a self-limiting condition that requires no treatment in the absence of infection or significant trauma. The elective use of aspirin and NSAIDs is typically discouraged. Artificial tears may be applied four to six times a day.[8]
References[edit]
Subconjunctival hemorrhage in the left eye 48 hours after hemorrhaging.
- ^ a b c "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". PubMed Health on the National Institutes of Health website. May 1, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". Fit To Do website. May 1, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- ^ a b "Subconjunctival hemorrhage". Disease.com. n.d. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- ^ Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ "Möller-Barlow disease". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ Bruce M. Rothschild (December 17, 2008). "Scurvy". eMedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ Spitzer S. G, Luorno J., Noël L. P. "Isolated subconjunctival hemorrhages in nonaccidental trauma". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ Robert H. Grahamn (February 2009). "Subconjunctival Hemorrhage". emedicine.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
Pathology: hemodynamics
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Decreases |
Thrombus/thrombosis
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Renal vein thrombosis
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Ischemia
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- Brain ischemia
- Ischaemic heart disease
- large intestine: Ischemic colitis
- small intestine: Mesenteric ischemia
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Infarction
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general:
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- Anemic infarct
- Hemorrhagic infarct
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regional:
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- Myocardial infarction
- Cerebral infarction
- Splenic infarction
- Limb infarction
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Increases |
Hemorrhage
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general
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- Bruise/Hematoma
- Petechia
- Purpura
- Ecchymosis
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regional
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- head
- Epistaxis
- Hemoptysis
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Hyphema
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- torso
- Hemothorax
- Hemopericardium
- Pulmonary hematoma
- abdomen
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Haemobilia
- Hemoperitoneum
- Hematocele
- Hematosalpinx
- joint
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Edema
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general
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- Anasarca
- Angioedema/Lymphedema
- Exudate/Transudate
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regional
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- Cerebral edema
- Pulmonary edema
- Hydrothorax
- Ascites/hydroperitoneum
- Hydrosalpinx
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Other
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Bevacizumab in the Treatment of Pterygium: A Meta-Analysis.
- Hu Q, Qiao Y, Nie X, Cheng X, Ma Y.Author information *Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; †Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China; and ‡Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Chongqing Cardiac Arrhythmias Service Center, Chongqing, China.AbstractPURPOSE:: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of pterygium and to mainly explore its effects on recurrence rate and complications.
- Cornea.Cornea.2013 Dec 10. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE:: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of pterygium and to mainly explore its effects on recurrence rate and complications.METHODS:: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register from the inception to July 20
- PMID 24326333
- Using a Collagen Matrix Implant (Ologen) Versus Mitomycin-C as a Wound Healing Modulator in Trabeculectomy With the Ex-PRESS Mini Glaucoma Device: A 12-Month Retrospective Review.
- Johnson MS, Sarkisian SR Jr.Author information McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK.AbstractPURPOSE:: To compare outcomes between patients undergoing trabeculectomy with an Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma device using mitomycin-C (MMC) to those undergoing the same procedure using a subconjunctival collagen matrix implant (Ologen).
- Journal of glaucoma.J Glaucoma.2013 Nov 14. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE:: To compare outcomes between patients undergoing trabeculectomy with an Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma device using mitomycin-C (MMC) to those undergoing the same procedure using a subconjunctival collagen matrix implant (Ologen).MATERIALS AND METHODS:: All patients underwent a trabeculectomy using
- PMID 24240882
- Subconjunctival injection of low-molecular-weight heparin-taurocholate 7 inhibits corneal neovascularization.
- Yoon SY, Kim JY, Kim ES, Kim SY, Kim MJ, Tchah H.Author information *Department of Ophthalmology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; †Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; and ‡Research Institute for Biomacromolecules, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.AbstractPURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a subconjunctival injection of low-molecular-weight heparin-taurocholate 7 (LHT7) on corneal neovascularization (CoNV) in rats.
- Cornea.Cornea.2013 Nov;32(11):1488-92. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3182a48009.
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a subconjunctival injection of low-molecular-weight heparin-taurocholate 7 (LHT7) on corneal neovascularization (CoNV) in rats.METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Corneal centers were cauterized by the application
- PMID 24055905
Japanese Journal
- 上方,水平,下方輪部のVogt柵の特徴と結膜下出血後の変化 (特集 第66回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(3))
Related Links
- Learn what causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage, a burst blood vessel in the eye, and read about symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. In newborn infants, a subconjunctival hemorrhage may be a result of the ...
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a bright red patch appearing in the white of the eye. This condition is one of several disorders called red eye. ... The white of the eye (sclera) is covered with a thin layer of clear tissue called ...
Related Pictures
![Subconjunctival Hemorrhage | Flickr](https://1mg.info/0/9/0/0818.jpg)
![Subconjunctival hemorrhage](https://1mg.info/0/9/0/0819.jpg)
![Subconjunctival hemorrhage — Medlibes](https://1mg.info/0/9/0/0820.jpg)
![Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a bright red](https://1mg.info/0/9/0/0821.jpg)
![Subconjunctival hemorrhage 02.jpg](https://1mg.info/0/9/0/0822.jpg)
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- subconjunctival hemorrhage
- ラ
- hyposphagma
- 同
- 結膜出血 conjunctival hemorrhage ← どうやら同義らしい
- 眼球結膜出血、球結膜下出血
- 原因:特発性(中高年に多い)、外傷、凝固異常、急性出血性結膜炎、いきみ(強いいきみ、連続する咳き込み)、経腟分娩後の新生児(新生児眼球結膜下出血)
- リスク因子:糖尿病、高血圧
- 1-2週間の自然経過で徐々に血液が吸収され治癒
- 治療の対象とならない。
国試
[★]
新生児眼球結膜下出血
[★]
- 関
- bleeding