WordNet

be cross-eyed; have a squint or strabismus
cross ones eyes as if in strabismus; "The children squinted so as to scare each other" (同)squinch
partly close ones eyes, as when hit by direct blinding light; "The driver squinted as the sun hit his windshield"
the act of squinting; looking with the eyes partly closed
abnormal alignment of one or both eyes (同)squint
characterized by squinting; "he looked with squinty eyes"
affected by strabismus
a person with strabismus (同)squint-eye

PrepTutorEJDIC

斜視,やぶにらみ / 《英話》一べつ,一目 / 斜視である(進行形にできない) / (…を,を通して)横目で見る;(まぶしいとき,狙いをつけるときなどに)細目で見る《+『at』(『through』)+『名』》 / 〈目〉‘を'細める
斜視,やぶにらみ
斜視の,横目の
やぶにらみの,斜視の / 意地の悪い

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/08/24 16:45:45」(JST)

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A seal squints in the sun.

Squinting is the action of looking at something with partially closed eyes.^[1]

Squinting is most often practiced by people who suffer from refractive errors of the eye who either do not have or are not using their glasses. Squinting helps momentarily improve their eyesight by slightly changing the shape of the eye to make it more round, which helps light properly reach the fovea. Squinting also decreases the amount of light entering the eye, making it easier to focus on what the observer is looking at by removing rays of light which enter the eye at an angle and would need to otherwise be focused by the observer's faulty lens and cornea.^[2]^[3]^[4]

It is a common belief that squinting worsens eyesight. However, according to Robert MacLaren, a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Oxford, this is nothing more than an old wives' tale: the only damage that can be caused by squinting for long periods is a temporary headache due to prolonged contraction of the facial muscles.^[5]

Squinting is also a common involuntary reflex, especially among people with light colored eyes, during adaptation to a sudden change in lighting such as when one goes from a dark room to outdoors on a sunny day to avoid pain or discomfort of the eyes.^[6] The pupillary light reflex caused by adjustment to light takes around five minutes in people with healthy eyes, so squinting and pain after that could be a sign of photophobia.

References

^ "the definition of squint". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
^ "UCSB Science Line". scienceline.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
^ Louisiana, Eye Specialists of. "How Does Squinting Improve Vision?". Retrieved 2016-07-20.
^ "Why does squinting make us see more clearly?". Retrieved 2016-07-20.
^ MacLaren, Robert (2010-07-13). "Eyesight myths: True or false". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
^ Horne, Anupama. "Myth or fact: people with light eyes are more sensitive to sunlight | Duke Health". Retrieved 2016-07-20.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における斜視の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of strabismus in children
2. 小児における水平斜視の原因 causes of horizontal strabismus in children
3. 小児における垂直斜視の原因 causes of vertical strabismus in children
4. 眼の待機手術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for elective eye surgery
5. 小児における第4脳神経（滑車神経）麻痺 fourth cranial nerve trochlear nerve palsy in children

English Journal

Evaluation of the anatomic and refractive differences in hyperopic anisometropia.

Palamar M1, Degirmenci C2, Biler ED2, Egrilmez S2, Uretmen O2, Yagci A2.
International ophthalmology.Int Ophthalmol.2016 Dec;36(6):881-886. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interocular symmetry of ultrasonic biometric characteristics and anterior segment measurements between the fellow eyes of hyperopic anisometropes. Forty-two healthy hyperopic anisometropic cases (1 D mean spherical equivalent difference between eyes)
PMID 26887566

The effect of anesthesia depth on the oculocardiac reflex in strabismus surgery.

Karaman T1, Demir S2, Dogru S3, Şahin A3, Tapar H3, Karaman S3, Kaya Z3, Suren M3, Arici S3.
Journal of clinical monitoring and computing.J Clin Monit Comput.2016 Dec;30(6):889-893. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the bispectral index (BIS) guided depth of anesthesia to inhibition of the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) during pediatric strabismus surgery. Patients between the ages of 3 and 16 years who were scheduled for elective strabismus surgery were random
PMID 26438656

Normal correspondence of tectal maps for saccadic eye movements in strabismus.

Economides JR1, Adams DL1,2, Horton JC3.
Journal of neurophysiology.J Neurophysiol.2016 Dec 1;116(6):2541-2549. doi: 10.1152/jn.00553.2016. Epub 2016 Sep 7.
The superior colliculus is a major brain stem structure for the production of saccadic eye movements. Electrical stimulation at any given point in the motor map generates saccades of defined amplitude and direction. It is unknown how this saccade map is affected by strabismus. Three macaques were ra
PMID 27605534

Severe pediatric Graves orbitopathy in adolescents of African origin.

Papp A1, Vasserot-Merle C2, Dorner G1, Paridaens D2.
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Orbit.2016 Dec;35(6):317-320. Epub 2016 Aug 12.
This article reports on two cases of severe pediatric Graves orbitopathy (GO) in two adolescents of African origin. Two black male adolescents presented with highly active GO and signs of beginning compressive optic neuropathy. Neither of them were smokers nor had a family history of GO. Besides urg
PMID 27715404