squinch

　 　

WordNet

1. crouch down
2. a small arch built across the interior angle of two walls (usually to support a spire)
3. having eyes half closed in order to see better; "squinched eyes" (同)squinting

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/24 00:45:19」(JST)

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This article is about an architectural feature. For square-inch analysis, see Square-inch analysis.

Squinches supporting a dome in Odzun Basilica, Armenia, early 8th century

A squinch in architecture is a construction filling in the upper angles of a square room so as to form a base to receive an octagonal or spherical dome. Another solution of this structural problem was provided by the pendentive.

Construction

Squinches may be formed by masonry built out from the angle in corbelled courses, by filling the corner with a vise placed diagonally, or by building an arch or a number of corbelled arches diagonally across the corner.

History in the Middle East

Squinch in the Palace of Ardashir the Sassanian king

The dome chamber in the palace of Ardashir, the Sassanid king, in Firuzabad, Iran is the earliest surviving example of the use of the squinch, suggesting that the squinch may have been invented in Persia. After the rise of Islam, it was used in the Middle East in both eastern Romanesque and Islamic architecture. It remained a feature of Islamic architecture, especially in Iran, and was often covered by corbelled stalactite-like structures known as muqarnas.

History in Western Europe

It spread to the Romanesque architecture of western Europe, one example being the Normans' 12th-century church of San Cataldo, Palermo in Sicily. This has three domes, each supported by four doubled squinches.

Etymology

The word squinch comes from the Persian word "سه+کنج) "سکنج) (sekonj).

In popular culture

The science fiction novel Implied Spaces by Walter Jon Williams uses squinches as an example of parts of a structure whose construction is implied and made necessary to facilitate the construction of other parts; areas of a created world or universe which are implied (and thus created) as a by-product of the creation of other areas.

See also

• Pendentive

References

External links

• Media related to Squinches at Wikimedia Commons

English Journal

• Festoons of orbicularis muscle as a cause of baggy eyelids.

• Furnas DW.
• Plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg.1978 Apr;61(4):540-6.
• Occasionally, baggy eyelids are caused by a laxity of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The extent of these orbicularis festoons is evaluated by a careful examination--including the "squinch" and the "pinch" tests. We excise such festoons of excess muscle and then support the orbicularis oculi of the lo
• PMID 635044

Japanese Journal

• 初期アルメニア建築におけるリュプシメ形式教会の架構形式の系譜

• 篠野 志郎,藤田 康仁,羽深 久夫 [他],齋藤 元嗣
• 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (590), 173-179, 2005-04-30
• … According to the comparative study with other styles in the early Armenian architecture, based on the frame-composition up to the dome in the central bay, two genealogical relationships are distinguished, as shown in the diagram of number 22: the Hripsime style in the squinch system, which evolved from the cross centric style in plan; …
• NAID 110004849606

• 9115 ティムール朝建築における交差スクインチ・アーチの頂部消去技法について(建築歴史・意匠)

• 石井 昭,山田 幸正,深見 奈緒子
• 学術講演梗概集. F, 都市計画, 建築経済・住宅問題, 建築歴史・意匠 1991, 1101-1102, 1991-08-01
• NAID 110007328460

• 9116 ティムール朝建築における交差スクインチ・アーチの2層構成について(建築歴史・意匠)

• 深見 奈緒子,石井 昭,山田 幸正
• 学術講演梗概集. F, 都市計画, 建築経済・住宅問題, 建築歴史・意匠 1991, 1103-1104, 1991-08-01
• NAID 110007328458

Related Links

• Squinch - definition of squinch by The Free Dictionary

squinch1 squinch 1 (skwĭnch) n. A structure, such as a section of vaulting or corbeling, set diagonally across the interior angle between two walls to provide a transition from a square to a polygonal or more nearly circular base on ...

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