WordNet

on or outside the dura mater (同)extradural

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/23 05:46:36」(JST)

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In the spine, the epidural space (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "on, upon" + dura mater also known as "epidural cavity", "extradural space" or "peridural space") is an anatomic space that is the outermost part of the spinal canal. It is the space within the canal (formed by the surrounding vertebrae) lying outside the dura mater (which encloses the arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the spinal cord). In humans the epidural space contains lymphatics, spinal nerve roots, loose connective tissue, fatty tissue, small arteries, and a network of internal vertebral venous plexuses.^{[citation needed]}

In humans

The upper limit of the epidural space is the foramen magnum, which is the point where the spine meets the base of the skull. The lower limit is at the tip of the sacrum, at the sacrococcygeal membrane.

In the head, the epidural space is known as a potential space. In rare circumstances, a torn artery (e.g. the middle meningeal artery) may cause bleeding which is sufficient to create epidural space; this is an epidural hematoma.

The space between the dura and the arachnoid (in both head and spine), the subdural space, is also a potential space. Bleeding may also occur here.

In other mammals

In other mammals, the relationship between the spinal canal and its contents is similar to that in humans, although many species possess a tail into which the epidural space is prolonged.

English Journal

A report on the consequences of the first implanted device for long-term analgesia in refractory cancer pain.

Pilon RN1, Narang S1, Desai SP2.
Journal of clinical anesthesia.J Clin Anesth.2016 Aug;32:289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.08.015. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
BACKGROUND: During the early 1970s, satisfactory long-term treatment of the severe pain associated with metastatic cancer was not available. Spinal cord stimulation introduced a few years earlier in 1967 had not proven to be effective in treating nociceptive pain. We describe our pioneering experien
PMID 26433747

Dilatation of the spinal epidural venous plexus in patients with prominent epidural fat.

Park SK1, Lee IS2, Song YS2, Moon JI3, Song JW4, Kang H1.
The British journal of radiology.Br J Radiol.2016 Jul;89(1063):20160064. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160064. Epub 2016 May 19.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the dilatation of the spinal epidural venous plexus (SEVP) and the amount of epidural fat (EF).METHODS: Between January 2007 and January 2012, 116 patients with prominent EF and 116 control subjects without prominent EF wer
PMID 27194460

A description of a technique for ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus catheter in dogs: cadaveric study.

Monticelli P1, Drożdżyńska M1, Stathopoulou T1, Neilson D1, Gregori T2, Viscasillas J1.
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.Vet Anaesth Analg.2016 Jul;43(4):453-6. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12322. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
OBJECTIVE: To describe an ultrasound-guided approach for lumbar plexus catheter placement in dogs.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental cadaveric study.ANIMALS: Eleven thawed canine cadavers (13 ± 2 kg).MATERIAL AND METHODS: A technique to place a catheter in the psoas compartment at the level o
PMID 26605749

「硬膜上腔」

Epidural space
	The medulla spinalis and its membranes
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Spatium epidurale,; spatium extradurale,; cavum epidurale
TA	A14.1.01.112
FMA	71228
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]